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Psychology Of Personality Final > Psychology of Personality > Flashcards

Psychology of Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What did George Kelly see a person as?

A

An organized whole, not a collection of parts

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2
Q

In Kelly’s theory there is a constant change in what?

A

Both the person and the environment

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3
Q

What is a Personal Construct?

A

Cognitive structures we use to interpret and predict events

No two people have the same

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4
Q

According to Kelly personal constructs are..

A

Bipolar

We classify them in an either or fashion

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5
Q

We enact new roles and adjust constructs to see the world differently when..

A

Prior constructs don’t fit what we are constantly percieving

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6
Q

We utilize past experiences to…

A

Help us organize and anticipate future events

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7
Q

Without expectancies..

A

We’d be overwhelmed and couldn’t predict

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8
Q

What is the Fundamental Postulate?

A

A persons processes are psychologically channelized by the way he anticipates an event

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9
Q

Why do people who experience the same event have different interpretations of it?

A
  1. Each person may have different set of constructs to evaluate the event
  2. Two people may use similar constructs on one pole but not the other
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10
Q

Kelly believed all disorders result from what?

A

Faulty construct systems

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11
Q

What diminishes our capacity to predict future events?

A

Anxiety

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12
Q

Rogers believed what offers the best opportunity to be fully functioning, in harmony with oneself, others, and the environment?

A

Relationships

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13
Q

What are the four basic elements of any long-term, intimate relationship?

A
  1. Dedication of commitment
  2. Communication
  3. Nonacceptance of Roles
  4. Becoming a Separate Self
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14
Q

What are Rogers three forms of knowing?

A
  1. Subjective knowing
  2. Objective knowing
  3. Interpersonal knowing
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15
Q

What is Dedication of Commitment according to Rogers?

A

Relationship is work for separate and common goals. Partnership is a process not contract.

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16
Q

What is Communication according to Rogers?

A

Takes both expressing emotion and remaining open to experiencing other’s response

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17
Q

What is it called when problems develop from trying to fulfill the expectations of others instead of our own?

A

Nonacceptance of Roles

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18
Q

What is it called to have dedication to removing masks as soon as they are created?

A

Becoming a Separate Self

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19
Q

The knowledge of whether one loves, hates, or enjoys and person or experience is..

A

Subjective Knowing

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20
Q

What is objective knowing?

A

A way of testing hypotheses and speculation against external frames of reference

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21
Q

What is the practice of empathetic understanding?

A

Interpersonal knowing

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22
Q

According to Rogers what is a person called who is completely aware of his/her ongoing self?

A

Fully Functioning Individual

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23
Q

A fully functioning individual has the characteristics of..

A
  1. Openness to experience
  2. Living in the present
  3. Trusting inner urges and intuitive judgements
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24
Q

Congruence is?

A

The degree of accuracy between communication, experience, and awareness.

If equal there is high congruence

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25
Q

Incongruence is?

A

When differences emerge between awareness, experience, and communication

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26
Q

The ability to sense others feelings is?

A

Empathetic Understanding

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27
Q

In Rogers Obstacles to Growth, what are conditions of worth?

A

Behaviors or attitudes that deny some aspect of the self

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28
Q

What is the full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, and potentialities?

A

Self-Actualization

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29
Q

What is the need of respect from others (status, fame, appreciation, recognition)?

A

Esteem

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30
Q

In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, what is belonging and love?

A

Motivation to seek close relationships with others to feel part of various groups

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31
Q

What is a need for a relatively safe, stable, predictable environment, structure, order and limits?

A

Safety

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32
Q

What is a Peak Experience?

And an example of it?

A

Moments where we become deeply involved, excited by, and absorbed in the world

Ex. Watching vivid sunset, listening to a moving piece of music

33
Q

Name the seven schools of yoga

A 
Karma
Bhakti
Hatha
Mantra
Kundalini
Jhana
Classical
34
Q

What are the five obstacles to growth?

A
  1. Ignorance
  2. Egoism
  3. Desire
  4. Aversion
  5. Fear
35
Q

Teaches us to act selflessly, without attachment to gain, loss, success or failure

A

Karma-yoga

36
Q

The yoga of knowledge

A

Jhana-yoga

37
Q

Way of reforming ones personality through the development of love and devotion

A

Bhakti-yoga

38
Q

Designed to purify and strengthen body for advanced meditation and higher states of consciousness

A

Hatha-yoga

39
Q

A sacred phrase or syllable charged with psychospiritual power

A

Mantra-yoga

40
Q

Subtle energy, once fully active leads to major physical, psychological, and spiritual changes in the individual

A

Kundalini-yoga

41
Q

Basis for all suffering is ignorance of our true identity

A

Ignorance

42
Q

Identification of the Self with body and thoughts

A

Egoism

43
Q

Longing for pleasure

A

Desire

44
Q

Recoiling from pain

A

Aversion

45
Q

Constant terror of natural death

A

Fear

46
Q

What is the definition of Karma?

A

Action and also its results

47
Q

Eight Limbs of Yoga

A 
Abstentions
Observances
Postures
Vital energy control
Interiorization
Concentration
Meditation
Illumination
48
Q

The one who has slain the enemy. One who is completely cut off from all limitation of family, possessions, and comfort to become perfectly free of world

What ideal is this?

A

Arhat

Theravada

49
Q

The enlightenment being. A deeply compassionate being who has vowed to remain in the world until all others have been delivered from suffering

What ideal is this?

A

Bodhisattva

Mahayana

50
Q

What is at the very heart of the school of Buddhism?

A

Experience

51
Q

What is the eightfold path?

A 
Right:
Speech 
Action
Thought
Livelihood 
Mindfulness 
Effort
Understanding 
Concentration
52
Q

What are the Four Nobel Truths?

A
  1. Existence of dissatisfaction is inescapable
  2. Dissatisfaction is from desire or craving
  3. Elimination of craving brings extinction of suffering
  4. The way to eliminate craving is Eightfold Path
53
Q

Why are the three characteristics of existence?

A

Impermanence, selflessness, and dissatisfaction

54
Q

What is Free Will in the Sufism Islamic Tradition?

A

A part of human nature, human beings all too often use their free will to act in a way incompatible with physical, mental, or spiritual health

55
Q

What are the Self’s?

A 
Tyrannical/Narcissistic 
Regretful
Serene 
Pleased
Inspired 
Pure
Self Pleasing to God
56
Q

Sufism is described as..

A

A way of knowledge as well as a way of love and devotion

57
Q

What is the greatest obstacle of Sufism?

A

Our inability to remember what we know

58
Q

What is our inability to remember what we know called?

A

Heedlessness

59
Q

What does Islam mean?

A

Peace or submission

60
Q

What is an Explanatory Fiction?

A

Terms no behaviorist use to describe a behavior

61
Q

What are the Four Explanatory Fictions?

A
  1. Freedom
  2. Autonomous Man
  3. Dignity
  4. Creativity
  5. Will
  6. Self
62
Q

What is knowledge described as according to B.F. Skinner?

A

A repertoire of behaviors

63
Q

Skinner believed that what could be studied alone?

A

Behavior

64
Q

According to Skinner why doesn’t punishment work?

A

It provides no information about how to do something correctly

65
Q

What does Skinner advocate instead of punishment and why?

A

Positive and Negative reinforcement because it improves learning and directs behavior towards a predetermined goal

66
Q

Skinner believe what and what are the same?

A

Animal and human behavior

67
Q

Who is the father of Cognitive Psychology?

A

Aron Beck

68
Q

What three terms did Aron Beck create and what do they mean?

A

Automatic Thoughts
Cognitive Triad
Cognitive Schema

69
Q

Who created the term Rational Emotive Therapy?

A

Albert Ellis

70
Q

What does Rational Emotive Therapy mean?

A

Based in the notion that irrational beliefs cause emotional suffering and behavioral problems. Uses logic and rational argument to combat irrationality thoughts and maintain undesirable emotions and behavior

71
Q

Bandits closely associated what two processes?

A

Cognitive and Social

72
Q

What are Bandura’s three terms?

A

Reciprocal Determinism
Triadic Reciprocality
Observational Learning

73
Q

States the effects on behavior of both our cognitive processes and social and physical environment

A

Reciprocal Determinism

74
Q

Refers to the interaction among behavior, environment, and internal factors

A

Triadic Reciprocality

75
Q

Bandura argues that much of our learning comes through observation (vicarious learning)

A

Observational Learning

76
Q

Obstacles in Buddhism

A

G-greed
H-hate
D-delusion
P-pride

77
Q

What does cognitive psychology emphasize?

A

How people talk, think, and recognize

78
Q

Is sometimes called the the psychological yoga and is a combination of all schools of yoga

A

Classical yoga

Psychology Of Personality Final (3 decks)

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