Psychology of Personality

Question 1

What did George Kelly see a person as?

Answer 1

An organized whole, not a collection of parts

Question 2

In Kelly’s theory there is a constant change in what?

Answer 2

Both the person and the environment

Question 3

What is a Personal Construct?

Answer 3

Cognitive structures we use to interpret and predict events

No two people have the same

Question 4

According to Kelly personal constructs are..

Answer 4

Bipolar

We classify them in an either or fashion

Question 5

We enact new roles and adjust constructs to see the world differently when..

Answer 5

Prior constructs don’t fit what we are constantly percieving

Question 6

We utilize past experiences to…

Answer 6

Help us organize and anticipate future events

Question 7

Without expectancies..

Answer 7

We’d be overwhelmed and couldn’t predict

Question 8

What is the Fundamental Postulate?

Answer 8

A persons processes are psychologically channelized by the way he anticipates an event

Question 9

Why do people who experience the same event have different interpretations of it?

Answer 9

1. Each person may have different set of constructs to evaluate the event
2. Two people may use similar constructs on one pole but not the other

Question 10

Kelly believed all disorders result from what?

Answer 10

Faulty construct systems

Question 11

What diminishes our capacity to predict future events?

Answer 11

Anxiety

Question 12

Rogers believed what offers the best opportunity to be fully functioning, in harmony with oneself, others, and the environment?

Answer 12

Relationships

Question 13

What are the four basic elements of any long-term, intimate relationship?

Answer 13

1. Dedication of commitment
2. Communication
3. Nonacceptance of Roles
4. Becoming a Separate Self

Question 14

What are Rogers three forms of knowing?

Answer 14

1. Subjective knowing
2. Objective knowing
3. Interpersonal knowing

Question 15

What is Dedication of Commitment according to Rogers?

Answer 15

Relationship is work for separate and common goals. Partnership is a process not contract.

Question 16

What is Communication according to Rogers?

Answer 16

Takes both expressing emotion and remaining open to experiencing other’s response

Question 17

What is it called when problems develop from trying to fulfill the expectations of others instead of our own?

Answer 17

Nonacceptance of Roles

Question 18

What is it called to have dedication to removing masks as soon as they are created?

Answer 18

Becoming a Separate Self

Question 19

The knowledge of whether one loves, hates, or enjoys and person or experience is..

Answer 19

Subjective Knowing

Question 20

What is objective knowing?

Answer 20

A way of testing hypotheses and speculation against external frames of reference

Question 21

What is the practice of empathetic understanding?

Answer 21

Interpersonal knowing

Question 22

According to Rogers what is a person called who is completely aware of his/her ongoing self?

Answer 22

Fully Functioning Individual

Question 23

A fully functioning individual has the characteristics of..

Answer 23

1. Openness to experience
2. Living in the present
3. Trusting inner urges and intuitive judgements

Question 24

Congruence is?

Answer 24

The degree of accuracy between communication, experience, and awareness.

If equal there is high congruence

Question 25

Incongruence is?

Answer 25

When differences emerge between awareness, experience, and communication

Question 26

The ability to sense others feelings is?

Answer 26

Empathetic Understanding

Question 27

In Rogers Obstacles to Growth, what are conditions of worth?

Answer 27

Behaviors or attitudes that deny some aspect of the self

Question 28

What is the full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, and potentialities?

Answer 28

Self-Actualization

Question 29

What is the need of respect from others (status, fame, appreciation, recognition)?

Answer 29

Esteem

Question 30

In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, what is belonging and love?

Answer 30

Motivation to seek close relationships with others to feel part of various groups

Question 31

What is a need for a relatively safe, stable, predictable environment, structure, order and limits?

Answer 31

Safety

Question 32

What is a Peak Experience? | And an example of it?

Answer 32

Moments where we become deeply involved, excited by, and absorbed in the world Ex. Watching vivid sunset, listening to a moving piece of music

Question 33

Name the seven schools of yoga

Answer 33

``` Karma Bhakti Hatha Mantra Kundalini Jhana Classical ```

Question 34

What are the five obstacles to growth?

Answer 34

1. Ignorance 2. Egoism 3. Desire 4. Aversion 5. Fear

Question 35

Teaches us to act selflessly, without attachment to gain, loss, success or failure

Answer 35

Karma-yoga

Question 36

The yoga of knowledge

Answer 36

Jhana-yoga

Question 37

Way of reforming ones personality through the development of love and devotion

Answer 37

Bhakti-yoga

Question 38

Designed to purify and strengthen body for advanced meditation and higher states of consciousness

Answer 38

Hatha-yoga

Question 39

A sacred phrase or syllable charged with psychospiritual power

Answer 39

Mantra-yoga

Question 40

Subtle energy, once fully active leads to major physical, psychological, and spiritual changes in the individual

Answer 40

Kundalini-yoga

Question 41

Basis for all suffering is ignorance of our true identity

Answer 41

Ignorance

Question 42

Identification of the Self with body and thoughts

Answer 42

Egoism

Question 43

Longing for pleasure

Answer 43

Desire

Question 44

Recoiling from pain

Answer 44

Aversion

Question 45

Constant terror of natural death

Answer 45

Fear

Question 46

What is the definition of Karma?

Answer 46

Action and also its results

Question 47

Eight Limbs of Yoga

Answer 47

``` Abstentions Observances Postures Vital energy control Interiorization Concentration Meditation Illumination ```

Question 48

The one who has slain the enemy. One who is completely cut off from all limitation of family, possessions, and comfort to become perfectly free of world What ideal is this?

Answer 48

Arhat Theravada

Question 49

The enlightenment being. A deeply compassionate being who has vowed to remain in the world until all others have been delivered from suffering What ideal is this?

Answer 49

Bodhisattva Mahayana

Question 50

What is at the very heart of the school of Buddhism?

Answer 50

Experience

Question 51

What is the eightfold path?

Answer 51

``` Right: Speech Action Thought Livelihood Mindfulness Effort Understanding Concentration ```

Question 52

What are the Four Nobel Truths?

Answer 52

1. Existence of dissatisfaction is inescapable 2. Dissatisfaction is from desire or craving 3. Elimination of craving brings extinction of suffering 4. The way to eliminate craving is Eightfold Path

Question 53

Why are the three characteristics of existence?

Answer 53

Impermanence, selflessness, and dissatisfaction

Question 54

What is Free Will in the Sufism Islamic Tradition?

Answer 54

A part of human nature, human beings all too often use their free will to act in a way incompatible with physical, mental, or spiritual health

Question 55

What are the Self's?

Answer 55

``` Tyrannical/Narcissistic Regretful Serene Pleased Inspired Pure Self Pleasing to God ```

Question 56

Sufism is described as..

Answer 56

A way of knowledge as well as a way of love and devotion

Question 57

What is the greatest obstacle of Sufism?

Answer 57

Our inability to remember what we know

Question 58

What is our inability to remember what we know called?

Answer 58

Heedlessness

Question 59

What does Islam mean?

Answer 59

Peace or submission

Question 60

What is an Explanatory Fiction?

Answer 60

Terms no behaviorist use to describe a behavior

Question 61

What are the Four Explanatory Fictions?

Answer 61

1. Freedom 2. Autonomous Man 3. Dignity 4. Creativity 5. Will 6. Self

Question 62

What is knowledge described as according to B.F. Skinner?

Answer 62

A repertoire of behaviors

Question 63

Skinner believed that what could be studied alone?

Answer 63

Behavior

Question 64

According to Skinner why doesn't punishment work?

Answer 64

It provides no information about how to do something correctly

Question 65

What does Skinner advocate instead of punishment and why?

Answer 65

Positive and Negative reinforcement because it improves learning and directs behavior towards a predetermined goal

Question 66

Skinner believe what and what are the same?

Answer 66

Animal and human behavior

Question 67

Who is the father of Cognitive Psychology?

Answer 67

Aron Beck

Question 68

What three terms did Aron Beck create and what do they mean?

Answer 68

Automatic Thoughts Cognitive Triad Cognitive Schema

Question 69

Who created the term Rational Emotive Therapy?

Answer 69

Albert Ellis

Question 70

What does Rational Emotive Therapy mean?

Answer 70

Based in the notion that irrational beliefs cause emotional suffering and behavioral problems. Uses logic and rational argument to combat irrationality thoughts and maintain undesirable emotions and behavior

Question 71

Bandits closely associated what two processes?

Answer 71

Cognitive and Social

Question 72

What are Bandura's three terms?

Answer 72

Reciprocal Determinism Triadic Reciprocality Observational Learning

Question 73

States the effects on behavior of both our cognitive processes and social and physical environment

Answer 73

Reciprocal Determinism

Question 74

Refers to the interaction among behavior, environment, and internal factors

Answer 74

Triadic Reciprocality

Question 75

Bandura argues that much of our learning comes through observation (vicarious learning)

Answer 75

Observational Learning

Question 76

Obstacles in Buddhism

Answer 76

G-greed H-hate D-delusion P-pride

Question 77

What does cognitive psychology emphasize?

Answer 77

How people talk, think, and recognize

Question 78

Is sometimes called the the psychological yoga and is a combination of all schools of yoga

Answer 78

Classical yoga