Perceptual Psych #2

Question 1

This vibrates from air forced through lungs

Answer 1

Vocal cords

Question 2

Where nasal activity, palates, tongue, teeth, gums, and lips are modified by other parts of the vocal tract

Answer 2

Articulators

Question 3

Defined as meaningful differences in sound

Answer 3

Phonemes

Question 4

English has 40 of these and Hawaiian only 11

Answer 4

Phonetic inventories

Question 5

Partial or complete closure of vocal tract

Answer 5

Consonants

Question 6

No obstruction of vocal tract

Answer 6

Vowels

Question 7

Where vocal tract is restricted

Answer 7

Place of articulation

Question 8

How sound is produced

Answer 8

Manner of articulation

Question 9

Whether or not vocal cords continue to vibrate

Answer 9

Voicing

Question 10

Example of “Voiced”

Answer 10

/m/ or /z/

Question 11

Example of “Unvoiced”

Answer 11

/p/ or /s/

Question 12

Vowels can be specified on two dimensions, which are..

Answer 12

1. Tongue position

2. Mouth position

Question 13

Resonant frequency for men, women, and children

Answer 13

Men - 500

Women - 725

Children - 850

Question 14

What is the intensity of the human voice

Answer 14

70 dB

Question 15

What are peaks of sound pressure

Answer 15

Formants

Question 16

What is a rapid shift in frequency

Answer 16

Formant transition

Question 17

What is the typical speaking rate?

Answer 17

12 phonemes per second

Question 18

What is the overlap between the articulation of neighboring phonemes?

Answer 18

Coarticulation

Question 19

Defined as we perceive a wide range of acoustic signals as limited number of speech sounds

Answer 19

Categorical Perception

Question 20

How does the perceptual system tell acoustic signals apart?

Answer 20

Voice onset time

Question 21

What is the delay between the beginning of a sound and when the vocal chords begin to vibrate?

Answer 21

Voice onset time

Question 22

What allows the perceptual system to deal with lots of sound variation and still perceive phonemes correctly?

Answer 22

Phonetic Boundary

Question 23

What is it called when the speech system guesses incorrectly?

Answer 23

Auditory ambiguity

Question 24

What is the source of ambiguity that cues to mark word boundaries?

Ex. black bird - Blackbird

Answer 24

Juncture

Question 25

What are two sources of ambiguity?

Answer 25

Juncture and stress

Question 26

What is emphasis placed on a syllable?

Answer 26

Stress

Question 27

Exaggerated pitch and intonation in speech directed to infants, mothers do this..

Answer 27

Motherese/Parentese

Question 28

These are rarely confused in face-to-face speech but are confused on the telephone

Answer 28

High frequency sounds

Question 29

People what this and can understand what is being said without sound

Answer 29

The speaker's lips

Question 30

When brain injury or stroke causes fluent but meaningless speech and loss of ability to understand language

Answer 30

Aphasia

Question 31

What part of the brain is affected with Aphasia?

Answer 31

Wernicke's area

Question 32

What part of the brain is involved in production of speech?

Answer 32

Broca's area

Question 33

What part of the brain is involved in creation of speech?

Answer 33

Motor cortex

Question 34

Known as cutaneous senses

Answer 34

Touch

Question 35

Objects impinge on observer without any control

Answer 35

Passive touch

Question 36

Observer actively investigates object

Answer 36

Active touch

Question 37

How heavy and long is the skin

Answer 37

3,000 square inches and 9lbs

Question 38

How far apart two separate point have to be to be perceived as two points is called?

Answer 38

Two-point threshold

Question 39

Layer of the skin with hair, sweat glands, and renews itself once a month

Answer 39

Epidermis

Question 40

Layer of skin with most touch receptors

Answer 40

Dermis

Question 41

Layer of skin that has subcutaneous fat, provides cushion and insulation

Answer 41

Hypodermis

Question 42

Disk-shaped cell, located at border of epidermis and dermis that responds to steady pressure of small objects

Answer 42

Merkel receptor

Question 43

Flattened cells located just below epidermis that respond to rubbing stimulation

Answer 43

Meissner's corpuscle

Question 44

Elongated parallel to skin surface responds to steady pressure and stretching

Answer 44

Riffing cylinder

Question 45

Layered onion-like structure in hypodermics that has poor localization and is sensitive to touch

Answer 45

Pacinian corpuscle

Question 46

Mediate temperature and pain sensation

Answer 46

Free nerve ending

Question 47

For something to be an odor it must have what characteristic?

Answer 47

Be volatile

Question 48

What six categories of odors does Henning's Smell Prism include?

Answer 48

``` Flowery Fruity Spicy Putrid Burned Resinous ```

Question 49

How often does the nasal cycle shift?

Answer 49

Every 2-3 hours

Question 50

What is the lifespan of an olfactory bulb?

Answer 50

28 days

Question 51

What is the McClintock Effect?

Answer 51

Women living together have menstrual cycles fall into synchrony

Question 52

What is it called when we have an odor preference and like a smell or not

Answer 52

Odor hedonic

Question 53

bumps on the tongue called papillae are called..

Answer 53

Taste receptors

Question 54

What are tiny structures that line walls of papillae?

Answer 54

Taste buds

Question 55

How many taste cells are in a taste bud?

Answer 55

50-100

Question 56

What are the major taste categories?

Answer 56

Sweet, sour, salty, and Unami

Question 57

People who hardly detect bitter tastes

Answer 57

Nontasters

Question 58

People who detect bitter tastes but not strongly

Answer 58

Medium tasters

Question 59

People who find bitter tastes unpleasant

Answer 59

Supertasters

Question 60

Reduced taste ability is called..

Answer 60

Hypogeusia

Question 61

No taste ability is called..

Answer 61

Ageusia

Question 62

Spicy foods contain this

Answer 62

Capsaicin

Question 63

What was Locke's theory called?

Answer 63

"Blank Slate"

Question 64

Why does amblyopia mean

Answer 64

Lazy eye

Question 65

Theory for average faces being attractive

Answer 65

- They posses symmetry - They seem familiar - They are easier for the brain to process