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Psychology Of Personality Final > Perceptual Psych #2 > Flashcards

Perceptual Psych #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

This vibrates from air forced through lungs

A

Vocal cords

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2
Q

Where nasal activity, palates, tongue, teeth, gums, and lips are modified by other parts of the vocal tract

A

Articulators

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3
Q

Defined as meaningful differences in sound

A

Phonemes

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4
Q

English has 40 of these and Hawaiian only 11

A

Phonetic inventories

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5
Q

Partial or complete closure of vocal tract

A

Consonants

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6
Q

No obstruction of vocal tract

A

Vowels

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7
Q

Where vocal tract is restricted

A

Place of articulation

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8
Q

How sound is produced

A

Manner of articulation

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9
Q

Whether or not vocal cords continue to vibrate

A

Voicing

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10
Q

Example of “Voiced”

A

/m/ or /z/

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11
Q

Example of “Unvoiced”

A

/p/ or /s/

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12
Q

Vowels can be specified on two dimensions, which are..

A
  1. Tongue position

2. Mouth position

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13
Q

Resonant frequency for men, women, and children

A

Men - 500

Women - 725

Children - 850

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14
Q

What is the intensity of the human voice

A

70 dB

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15
Q

What are peaks of sound pressure

A

Formants

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16
Q

What is a rapid shift in frequency

A

Formant transition

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17
Q

What is the typical speaking rate?

A

12 phonemes per second

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18
Q

What is the overlap between the articulation of neighboring phonemes?

A

Coarticulation

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19
Q

Defined as we perceive a wide range of acoustic signals as limited number of speech sounds

A

Categorical Perception

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20
Q

How does the perceptual system tell acoustic signals apart?

A

Voice onset time

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21
Q

What is the delay between the beginning of a sound and when the vocal chords begin to vibrate?

A

Voice onset time

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22
Q

What allows the perceptual system to deal with lots of sound variation and still perceive phonemes correctly?

A

Phonetic Boundary

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23
Q

What is it called when the speech system guesses incorrectly?

A

Auditory ambiguity

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24
Q

What is the source of ambiguity that cues to mark word boundaries?

Ex. black bird - Blackbird

A

Juncture

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25
Q

What are two sources of ambiguity?

A

Juncture and stress

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26
Q

What is emphasis placed on a syllable?

A

Stress

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27
Q

Exaggerated pitch and intonation in speech directed to infants, mothers do this..

A

Motherese/Parentese

28
Q

These are rarely confused in face-to-face speech but are confused on the telephone

A

High frequency sounds

29
Q

People what this and can understand what is being said without sound

A

The speaker’s lips

30
Q

When brain injury or stroke causes fluent but meaningless speech and loss of ability to understand language

A

Aphasia

31
Q

What part of the brain is affected with Aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s area

32
Q

What part of the brain is involved in production of speech?

A

Broca’s area

33
Q

What part of the brain is involved in creation of speech?

A

Motor cortex

34
Q

Known as cutaneous senses

A

Touch

35
Q

Objects impinge on observer without any control

A

Passive touch

36
Q

Observer actively investigates object

A

Active touch

37
Q

How heavy and long is the skin

A

3,000 square inches and 9lbs

38
Q

How far apart two separate point have to be to be perceived as two points is called?

A

Two-point threshold

39
Q

Layer of the skin with hair, sweat glands, and renews itself once a month

A

Epidermis

40
Q

Layer of skin with most touch receptors

A

Dermis

41
Q

Layer of skin that has subcutaneous fat, provides cushion and insulation

A

Hypodermis

42
Q

Disk-shaped cell, located at border of epidermis and dermis that responds to steady pressure of small objects

A

Merkel receptor

43
Q

Flattened cells located just below epidermis that respond to rubbing stimulation

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

44
Q

Elongated parallel to skin surface responds to steady pressure and stretching

A

Riffing cylinder

45
Q

Layered onion-like structure in hypodermics that has poor localization and is sensitive to touch

A

Pacinian corpuscle

46
Q

Mediate temperature and pain sensation

A

Free nerve ending

47
Q

For something to be an odor it must have what characteristic?

A

Be volatile

48
Q

What six categories of odors does Henning’s Smell Prism include?

A 
Flowery
Fruity 
Spicy
Putrid
Burned
Resinous
49
Q

How often does the nasal cycle shift?

A

Every 2-3 hours

50
Q

What is the lifespan of an olfactory bulb?

A

28 days

51
Q

What is the McClintock Effect?

A

Women living together have menstrual cycles fall into synchrony

52
Q

What is it called when we have an odor preference and like a smell or not

A

Odor hedonic

53
Q

bumps on the tongue called papillae are called..

A

Taste receptors

54
Q

What are tiny structures that line walls of papillae?

A

Taste buds

55
Q

How many taste cells are in a taste bud?

A

50-100

56
Q

What are the major taste categories?

A

Sweet, sour, salty, and Unami

57
Q

People who hardly detect bitter tastes

A

Nontasters

58
Q

People who detect bitter tastes but not strongly

A

Medium tasters

59
Q

People who find bitter tastes unpleasant

A

Supertasters

60
Q

Reduced taste ability is called..

A

Hypogeusia

61
Q

No taste ability is called..

A

Ageusia

62
Q

Spicy foods contain this

A

Capsaicin

63
Q

What was Locke’s theory called?

A

“Blank Slate”

64
Q

Why does amblyopia mean

A

Lazy eye

65
Q

Theory for average faces being attractive

A
  • They posses symmetry
  • They seem familiar
  • They are easier for the brain to process

Psychology Of Personality Final (3 decks)

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