Psychology of drugs Flashcards
What does normal mean in the DEC program?
A result within the DRE average ranges.
What is an opinion?
A judgment based on special knowledge and experience
DREs do not make diagnosis, instead they…
form an opinion
What is physiology?
the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.
What does the M in MURDERS INC stand for?
Muscular system-
What are the 3 different kinds of muscles?
The heart or cardiac muscle
Smooth muscles- control involuntary operations
Striated muscles- carry out voluntary movements
Examples of smooth muscles?
operation of pyloric valve, dilation/constriction of pupils,
What does the U in MURDERS INC stand for?
Urinary system
What does the urinary system consist of?
2 kidneys
bladder
ureters connecting the kidneys to the bladder
urethra- transports urine out of the body.
What does the first R in MURDERS INC stand for?
Respiratory System - Lungs and the diaphragm
What is a diaphragm?
Smooth muscle-draws air into lungs and forces it out
What do lungs do?
take in oxygen and transfer it to the blood, removes carbon dioxide/other waste from the blood and expels them into the air.
What does the D in MURDERS INC stand for?
Digestive System
What are the components of the digestive system?
Tongue teeth esophagus intestines liver pancreas
What does the digestive system do?
breaks down large particles of food until they are of size/chemical composition that can be absorbed into the blood.
What does the E in MURDERS INC stand for?
Endocrine System
What does is endocrine system?
made up of glands that secrete hormones
What are hormones?
complex chemicals that travel through the blood stream and control/regulate different body processes.
What can drugs do in relation to hormones?
mimic the hormones effects or react with hormones in ways that alter the hormones’ effects.
What does the 2nd R in MURDERS INC stand for?
Reproductive system
What are the 2 categories of the reproductive system?
- Self producing (cytogenic)
- Hormone producing (endocrinic)
We are primarily concerned with the hormone producing side because those hormones aid the nervous system in its regulatory role.
What does the S in MURDERS INC stand for?
Skeletal System - consists of bones, cartilage and ligaments.
What are the 3 things the skeletal system does?
- provides support for the body
- permits movement
- forms blood cells
What does the I in MURDERS INC stand for?
Integumentary System - consists of skin, hair, fingernails and accessory structures.
What are the main functions of the integumentary system?
protection of the body
control of body temp
excretion of wastes (i.e. through sweat)
sensory perception
What does the N in MURDERS INC stand for?
Nervous System
What makes up the Nervous system?
- Brain
- Brain Stem
- Spinal cord
- nerves
What does the nervous system do?
controls, coordinates and integrates all physiological processes so that normal body functions can be maintained.
What does the C in MURDERS INC stand for?
Circulatory System
What are the important parts of the circulatory system?
Heart
blood vessels (e.g. arteries, veins, capillaries)
blood
What is the main transport mechanism for bringing drugs to the brain?
Blood
What us primarily responsible for bringing heat throughout the body?
Blood
What is the primary transport mechanism for the body, carrying food, water, oxygen, hormones, antibodies etc to the body’s tissues and organs?
Blood
What are the 3 parts of a neuron?
- cell body
- axon
- dendrite
What does the Axon (part of the neuron) do?
sends out the neurotransmitter (also known as the chemical messenger)
What does the dendrite do?
part that receives the neurotransmitter
The gap between two neurons is called a ________
Synapse or synaptic gap
Nerves that carry messages AWAY from the brain are called _____________ Nerves
Motor or efferent nerves
Afferent (sensory) nerves do what?
Carry carry messages TO the brain
What are the 2 sub-systems of motor nerves?
Voluntary- Send messages to the muscles that we control
Automatic nerves- Sends messages to nerves we muscles/organs we don’t control
What nerves control the body fight or flight response such as blood pressure to elevate and sweat glands to activate?
Sympathetic nerves
What nerves control the body relaxed tranquil activates such as heartbeat slowing and blood pressure to decrease?
Parasympathetic nerves
What drugs bring up the body that may be low in some things like low blood pressure?
Sympathetic (adrenergic) drugs
Parasymphetic (cholinergric) drugs do what?
bring down the body that may be high in some things like high blood pressure?
What is the downside effect?
When the body respond to the presence of a drug by releasing hormones to counteract the effects of the drug consumed to return to homeostasis.
negative feedback
When the body stops producing the hormones and neurotransmitters due to dependence on a frequent drug that is commonly put into the body. The user then depends on that drug to produce those things.
What is the chemical changes that take place when the drug reacts with enzymes and other substances in the body? (i.e. Heroin being metabolized into the body turns into morphine)
Metabolite
What vein carried oxengenated blood form the lungs to the left side of the heart?
Pulmonary vein
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
