Glossary Flashcards
Accommodation Reflex
The adjustment of the eyes for viewing at various distances. Pupils will constrict as objects move closer and dilate as objects move farther away.
Addiction
Habitual, Psychological, physiological dependence on a substance beyond one’s voluntary control.
Additive Effect
2 drugs produce an additive effect if the indicator the same way. HGN + HGN = Lots of HGN
Alkaloid
A chemical that is found in, and can be physically extracted from some substance.
Analgesic
A drug that relieves or allays pain
Analog (of a drug)
A chemical that is very similar to the drug, both in terms of molecular structure and in terms of psychoactive effects. For example, the drug ketamine is an analog of PCP.
Anesthetic
A drug that produces a general or local insensibility to pain and other sensation.
Antagonistic Effect
When 2 drugs produce this effect if they affect the indicator in opposite ways. A narcotic analgesic constricts pupils while a CNS Stimulant dilates pupils. Depending on how much of each drug was taken and the time they were consumed, the suspects pupils could be constricted, dilated or within the DRE average range.
Arrhythmia
An abnormal heart rate
Artery
The strong, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Autonomic Nerve
A motor nerve that carries messages to the muscles and organs that we do not consciously control. 2 kinds of these nerves include sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Axon
The part of a neuron (Nerve cell) that sends out a neurotransmitter.
BAC
Blood Alcohol Concentration - the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood
BrAC
Breath Alcohol Concentration -The percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood as measured by a breath testing device.
Blood Pressure
The force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure changes continuously as the heart cycles between contraction and expansion.
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow heart rate
Bradypnea
Abnormally slow rate of breathing
Bruxism
Grinding of the teeth
Cannabis
drug category includes marijuana. Active ingredient is THC ( Delta 9- tetrahydrocannabinol)
Carboxy THC
A metabolite of THC
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Abnormal pattern of breathing. Marked by breathlessness and deep, fast breathing.
CNS
Central Nervous System - A system within the body consisting of the BRAIN, the BRAIN STEM, and the SPINAL CORD.
Conjunctivitis
Pink Eye, could be mistaken for bloodshot eyes produced by alcohol or cannabis. It’s an inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids. May be in one eye only.
Convergence
The crossing of the eyes that occurs when a person is able to focus on a stimulus as it is pushed slowly towards the bridge of their nose.
Crack/Rock
Cocaine base, appears as a hard chunk from resembling pebbles or small rocks. It produces a very intense, but relatively short duration “high”.
Curriculum Vitae
A written summary of a persons education, training experience, noteworthy achievements and other relevant information about a particular topic.
Cylic Behavior
when the suspect alternates between periods of intense agitation and relative calm.
Delirium
A brief state characterized by incoherent excitement, confused speech restlessness and possible hallucinations.
Dendrite
The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that receives a neurotransmitter
Diacetyl Morphine
The chemical name for Heroin
Diastolic
Lowest value of blood pressure, reached when the heart is fully expanded/relaxed.
Diplopia
Double Vision
Divided Attention
Concentrating on more than one thing at a time. The for psychophysical tests used by DREs require the suspect to divide their attention.
Downside Effect
An effect that my occur when the body reacts to the presence of a drug by producing hormones or neurotransmitters to counteract the effects of the drug consumed.
Drug
Any substance that, when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.
Dysarthia
Slurred Speech. Difficult, poorly articulated speech.
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath.
Dysmetria
Abnormal condition that prevents the affected person from properly estimating distances linked to muscular movements.
Dysphoria
A disorder of mood. Feelings of depression or anguish
Endocrine System
Network of glands that DO NOT have ducts or other structures. They secrete hormones into the blood stream to affect a number of bodily functions.
What is a flashback?
Vivid recollection of a portion of a hallucinogenic experience. A very intense daydream There are 3 types
What is emotional flashbacks?
Feelings of Panic or fear
What are somatic flashbacks?
Altered body sensations, tremors, dizziness, etc
What are Perceptual flashbacks?
distortions of vision, hearing, smell, etc.
Gait Ataxia
An unsteady, staggered pair (walk). Walking appears to be “not ordered”.
Garrulity
Rambling, pointless speech. Talkative.
Hallucination
A sensory experience of something that does not exist outside of the mind. e.g.. Seeing something that is not there. Also having a distorted sensory distortion do that things appear differently than they are.
Hashish
A form of cannabis made from the dried and pressed resin of a marijuana plant.
Hash oil
Also referred to as marijuana oil.
It’s a highly concentrated syrup-like oil extracted from marijuana.
How is Hash oil made?
By soaking marijuana a container of solvent such as acetone or alcohol for several hours and after the solvent has evaporated, a thick syrup like oil is produced with a high THC content.
Heroin
chemically derived from morphine, generic name is diacetyl morphine.
Hormones
Chemicals that are produced by the body’s endocrine system that are carried through the blood stream to the target organ. the exert great influence on the growth/development of the individual and aid in the regulation of numerous body processes.
Hydroxy THC
A metabolite of THC
Hyperflexia
Exaggerated or overextended motions
Hyperglycemia
Excess sugar in the blood
Hypernea
A deep, rapid of labored breathing
Hyperrexia
Extremely high body temperature
Hyperreflexia
A neurological condition marked by increased reflex reactions.
Hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure
Hypoglycemia
An abnormal decrease in blood sugar levels
Hyponea
Shallow or slow breathing
Hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure
Hypothermia
Decreased body temperature
Ice
A crystalline form of methamphetamine
integumentary system
The skin and accessory structures, hair and nails. Functions include protection, maintenance od body temp, excretion of waste and sensory perceptions.
Intraocular
within the eyeball
Korotkoff sounds
A series of distinct sounds produced by blood passing through an artery as the external pressure on the artery drops from the systolic value to the diastolic value.
Major indicators
Physiological signs that are specifically assessed and are, for the most part, involuntary reflecting the status of the central nervous system.
Marijuana
Common term for the cannabis sativa plant. Usually refers to the dried leaves of the plant. Most common form of the cannabis category.
Marinol
Synthetic form of THC. Belongs to cannabis category but not produced from any species of cannabis plant.
Anabolisim
1st phase of the digestive process, smaller molecules are converted into larger molecules
Catabolisim
2nd phase of the digestive process, large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
Metabolisim
The sum of all chemical processes that take place in the body as they relate to movements of nutrients in the blood after digestion, resulting in the growth, energy, release of waste and other body functions.
Metabolite
A chemical product formed by the reaction of a drug with oxygen and/or other substances in the body.
Miosis
Abnormally small (constricted) pupils
Motor Nerves
Nerves that carry messages away from the brain, to the body’s muscles, tissues and organs. Motor nerves are known as efferent nerves.
Muscular Hypertonicity
Rigid Muscle Tone
Mydriasis
Abnormally large (dilated) pupils
Nerve
A cord-like finer that carries messages either to or from the brain
Neuron
A nerve cell. basic functional unit of a nerve.
Neurotransmitter
Chemicals that pass from the axon of one nerve cell to the dendrite of the next cell, they carry messages across the gap between the two nerve cells.
Pallor
An abnormal paleness or lack of color in the skin
paranoia
Mental disorder characterized by delusions and the projection of personal conflicts that are ascribed to the supposed hostility of others.
Parasympathetic neve
An autonomic nerve that commands relax and tranquil activities. The send “at ease” commands to the muscles, tissues and organs.
Parasympathomimetic Drugs
Drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter associated with parasympathetic nerves. lower blood pressure, cause drowsiness, etc.
Phencyclidine
An shortened version of Phenyl Cyclohexyl piperidine (PCP)
Physiology
the branch of biology dealing with the functions and activities of life or living matter and the physical and chemical phenomena involved.
Polydrug Use
ingesting drugs from 2 or more categories
Psychedelic
profound sense of intensified or altered sensory perception, sometimes accompanied by hallucinations
Psychotogenic
means “creating psychosis”. Persons under the influence of a psychotogenic drug become insane and remain so after the drug wears off.
Psychotomimetic
means “mimicking psychosis”. people under the influxes of psychotomimetic drugs look and act insane WHILE they are under the influence.
Ptosis
Droopy eyelids
Pulse
The expansion and contraction of the walls of an artery, generated by the pumping action of the blood.
Pulse Rate
The number of expansions of an artery per minute
Pupilary Light Reflex
Pupils will constrict/dilate depending on changes in lighting condition.
Pupillary Unrest
The continuous, irregular change in the size of the pupils under room or steady light conditions
Resting nystagmus
Jerking of the eyes as the look straight ahead
Sclera
white part of the eye
Sensory Nerves
carry messages to the brain from various parts of the body (i.e. ears, eyes) Also known as Afferent nerves
Sinsemilla
unpollenated female cannabis plat, high THC
Insuflation
Snorting
Sympathetic Nerve
autonomic nerve- commands the body to react in response to excitement, stress and fear. Ie wake up calls and fire alarms.
Sympathomimetic drugs
mimic the neurotransmitter associated with sympathetic nerves. i.e. elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils, etc
Synapse
also known as synaptic gap, space between two neurons (nerve cells)
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heart rate
tachypnea
Abnormally rapid rate of breathing
THC
Tetrahydrocannabinol - principal psychoactive ingredient int drugs belonging to the cannabis category
Vein
blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart from the body tissues
Voir Dire
“to see, to say” - to seek the truth
voluntary nerve
A motor nerve, carries messages to a muscle we consciously control
