psychology of chronic illness Flashcards
what are makes up a chronic disease?
- long duration of 3 months or more
- Slow progression
- control not cure
- impacts QoL
what are common initial reactions to being diagnosed with a chronic illness?
shock emotional distress behaving in an automatic fashion feeling detached disorganised thinking
what is the impact of depression on chronic illness?
- increased risk of dying
- impact on disease progression
less recovery
reduces motivation
reduces QoL
what is involved in the coping process of crisis theory?
Cognitive appraisal
adaptive tasks
coping skills
what are illness related factors in the beginning of crisis theory?
- disability
- embarrassment
- pain
- life threatening
- changes to life style
what are background and personal factors in the beginning of crisis theory?
- Age
- Gender
- Socioeconomic status
- Personal beliefs
- ethnicity
- Personality factors
what personality trait is associated with chronic disease development?
high neuroticism and lower conscientousness
what personality trait is associated with being healthier?
being conscientious
what is meant by post traumatic growth?
this refers to when some people do better after being ill as they feel stronger and more appreciative. they may have enhanced relationships and view life differently.
what types of social support are needed?
Emotional support
Practical support
informational support
what is the start of the coping process in crisis theory?
Cognitive appraisal where the patient examines the meaning of significance of the condition on their life
what are the 7 adaptive tasks in crisis theory as part of the coping process?
1, cope with the physical changes
- adjust to the hospital environment, procedures and self care
- develop and maintain a good relationship with healthcare providers
- maintain an emotional balance
- maintain a satisfactory self image and sense of competence
- preserve good relationships with a social network
- prepare for an uncertain future
what are examples of some coping strategies?
- denying/minimising
- seeking information
- learning to provide your own medical care
- setting concrete limited goals
- recruiting support
- considering possible future events
what is the perceptual-practical model of adherence?
A combination of:
Unintentional and intentional non adherence
what is unintentional non adherence?
Due to capacity and resources causing physical barriers. May be due to not understanding/ forgetting
what is intentional non adherence?
Often due to motivational beliefs/ preferences causing perceptual barriers
what beliefs often cause intentional non adherence?
Often a balance between necessity of taking the treatment and the concerns about taking the treatment.
what psychological interventions are possible for chronic illness?
- CBT
- Stress management
- Mindfulness
- Treat depression
- social support
- Emotional Expression
- Prepare for death and grief.
