LOBs

Question 1

how does obesity affect breathing?

Answer 1

Decreases tidal volume
Reduces compliance of both the lung and chest wall
increased resp rate to allow for the decreased tidal volume

Question 2

what are causes of type one respiratory failure?

Answer 2

PE, pulmonary hypertension, pneumothorax. chronic heart failure, ashtma

Question 3

what are causes of type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 3

TB, MG, polyneuropathy, head injury, hypothyroidism, OD

Question 4

how do you calculate BMI?

Answer 4

weight (kg)/ height squared

Question 5

what are the BMI categories?

Answer 5

<18.5 underweight
18.5- 25 normal
25-30 overweight
30+ obese

Question 6

what centres in the brain control breathing?

Answer 6

medullary centre –> rhythm of respiration
pneumotaxic centre –> expiratory centre

Apneustic centre –> inhibits expirations

Question 7

what is the chemo control of breathing?

Answer 7

Aortic senses partial pressures

carotid bodies sense partial pressure and hydrogen ions

Question 8

how does chemo control change in COPD patients?

Answer 8

They are often hypercapnic so the chemoreceptors become desensitised and instead use the hypoxic drive.

Question 9

what is shunt?

Answer 9

An area of non functioning lung means arterial blood is a mixture

Question 10

what is the pathway for COPD?

Answer 10

1. start with a SABA/SAMA
2. FEV>50 add a LABA or LAMA
3. . FEV <50% add a LABA and an ICS
4. all three LAMA/LABA/ICS

Question 11

what should be given for COPD exacerbation?

Answer 11

broad spectrum antibiotics
oral prednisolone
nebulised bronchodilators
physio
low flow oxygen