Psychology Key Points Flashcards
Maslow
studied successful people, basic needs that must be fulfilled in order to be healthy
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs list
1) physiology needs 2)security needs 3)love and belonging 4)self esteem 5)self actualization
physiology needs Maslow
necessities (food, water ect)
security needs Maslow
feel safe and secure
love and belonging Maslow
give and receive love, a sense of belonging
self-esteem needs Maslow
to feel valuable and respect yourself and others
self actualization Maslow
becoming your best self
Piaget
“How does knowledge grow?” observing children in their natural environment
sensorimotor piaget
0-2 yrs, intelligence is shown through motor skills, object permanence
preoperational piaget
2-7 yrs, use of symbols language, memory and imagination show intelligence
preoperational traits piaget
imaginary friends, and a “world revolves around me” attitude
concrete operational piaget
7-11 yrs, developing a more logical thought process
formal operational piaget
11-16 yrs, thinks abstract to solve problems
early adulthood piaget
right vs wrong,realizes there are multiple solutions to a problem
middle adulthood piaget
depends on how much knowledge and experience the individual has had
late adulthood piaget
wisdom, decline in mental abilities but not intellectual
Erikson
how culture and society played in a childs life, different experiences will directly effect how a child will interact in the future
Infant Erikson
0-18m, trust vs. mistrust, virtue of hope (caregiver reliable=trust, not reliable=mistrust and not confident in world around them)
toddler Erikson
18m-3y, autonomy vs. shame, virtue of will, building self esteem (supportive space to make decision= pride)
Preschooler Erikson
3-5y, intitiative vs guilt, virtue of purpose, interpersonal skills (playtime) (Safe place to learn= desire to try new things)
School age Erikson
6-12y, aka latency stage, extremely social stage of development (encourage for initiative= confidence)
adolescent Erikson
12-18y, sense of self, independence and personal exploration (success = sense of self and control, not successful =unsure beliefs and desires)
young adult Erikson
18-35 yrs, intimacy vs isolation, virtue of love (find companion=happy and fulfill, not finding one= loneliness)
middle aged adult
40-65 yrs, generativity vs stagnation, virtue of care, career and family (success= usefulness and accomplished)
older adult Erikson
65yrs+ looking back on life, feeling sense of
autonomy
being independant in thoughts and actions
initiative
take charge
generativity
making a difference to society
stagnation
lack of growth/ activity
first step for working with pt with psychological challenges
determine complexity and how the pt communicates
white coat syndrome
when stress from being in a clinical setting causes pt to have a higher bp reading than at home
stressor
anything that causes stress or anxiety
mini-mental state examination
orientation, registration, attention, calculation, and language
mini-mental state examination Orientation
ask pt for date or season, where they are ect
mini-mental state examination Registration
name 3 unrelated objects and ask pt to repeat
mini-mental state examination Attention and Calculation
ask pt to count backwards from 100 by 7, 5x. (93, 86, 79, 72, 65)
mini-mental state examination Recall
ask pt to name the 3 objects that were mentioned beforehand
mini-mental state examination Language
ask pt to name an object you’re pointing at or repeat a statement
defense mechanism
coping strategies people use to protect themselves from negative emotions
Dr. Kubler- Ross
established the 5 stages of grief
denial
first stage of grief
anger
second stage, follows denial pt becomes angry when they realize that there is no more denying the truth
bargaining
third stage, after accepting death they often want to cling to life
depression
fourth stage, when pt realizes that death in imminent
acceptance
fifth and final stage, pt accepts death and settles unfinshed business
