Psychology II Flashcards
inattentional blindness
we are not consciously aware of things that happen in our visual field when our attention is directed elsewhere within the field
change blindness
when we fail to notice changes in our environment
endogenous cues
more internalized and higer order - internal knowledge
e.g. cocktail effect
exogenous cues
external to any goals we may have, meaning we don’t have to tell ourselves to look for them in order for them to capture our attention
information processing model
brains are similar to computers. input is from the environment. we process it and output decisions
sensory memory (register)
first to interact with information in the environment
sight and sound are the most important
iconic memory and echoic memory
iconic memory
what you see (
echoic memory
what you hear (3-4 sec)
working memory (short-term memory)
whatever you are thinking about at this exact moment
7+/-2 pieces of information at a time
vary based on complexicity
reason why phone numbers are seven digits long
visiual, spatial, and verbal information
visuo-spatial sketchpad
visual and spatial information
phonological loop
verbal information (words and numbers)
central executive
tells visuo-spatial and phonological loop to work together which then goes down the episodic buffer which is connected to the long term memory
Explicit Memory (Declarative)
facts or events that you can clearly/explicitly describe
semantic : words (facts)
episodic : events
Implicit Memory (Non-Declarative)
things that aren’t easy to describe
procedural : steps/procedures
priming
previous experience influences your current interpertation of an event
encoding
moving information from working memory (short term memory) to more permanent storage (long term memory)
Rote rehersal
say the same thing over and over again
least effective
dosen’t require you to process the information
chunking
group information into meaningful units
mnemonic devices
imagery
pegword
method of loci
acronym
imagery (mnemonic device)
vivid mental picture of what you are trying to remember
pegword and method of loci
anchors and linking new information to anchors along a specific path. pegword - verbal anchors. method of loci - location anchors
acronym
one letter of a familiar work stands for the first letter of new information
Self Referencing
relating the information to you
ex : preparing to teach
Spacing
structure of studying space out study session long-term information let's you know what you don't know self-testing