Psychology History Flashcards
Define
Nativism
The belief that certain types of knowledge is innate
Who?
Who was a nativist?
Plato
Define
Philosophical Empiricism
The belief that knowledge is acquired through experience
Who
Who was a philosophical empiricist?
Aristotle
Define
Dualism
The view that the body and mind exist as separate entities.
This form of dualism or duality proposes that the mind controls the body
Define
Structuralism
a theory of consciousness that seeks to analyze the elements of mental experiences, such as sensations, mental images, and feelings, and how these elements combine to form more complex experiences.
raw sensory experience and not the interpretation of it
Define
Functionalism
psychological framework that focuses on how mental processes and behaviors serve adaptive functions in the environment.
emphasizes the adaptive value & purpose of mental processes & behaviors
Define
Humanistic Psychology
The study of the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual.
It rejects the deterministic and dehumanizing assumptions of behaviorism
https://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html
Define
Behaviorism
study that emphasizes the role of learning and observable behaviors in understanding human and animal actions.
Define
Cognitive Psychology
The scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.
the mind as an information processor.
How we take in information from the outside world, and how we make sense of that information.
Define
Evolutionary Psychology
The study of the ways in which the mind was shaped by pressures to survive and reproduce.
Define
Social Psychology
The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions, and goals are influenced by others and the social context.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-psychology.html
List
What are Freudian ideas that still exist in psychology today?
- the importance of childhood experiences in adult motivations
- the role of unconscious versus conscious motivations in driving our behavior
- the fact that motivations can cause conflicts that affect behavior
- the effects of mental representations of ourselves and others in guiding our interactions
- the development of personality over time
Define
Gestalt
Whole
(rough translation)
Define
Gestalt Psychology
A theory that recognizes how the parts of a sensory experience relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in perception although that sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts.
Influential in Germany rather than the United States
Gestalt principles influence research on sensation and perception
