Psychology final Flashcards
G. Stanley Hall’s View on Adolescence
He defined this period to begin at puberty at about 12 or 13 years, and end late, between 22 years to 25 years of age.
The Amygdala
the seat of emotions such as anger; this area develops quickly before other regions that help to control it.
The Prefrontal Cortex
the judgement region reins in intense emotions but doesn’t finish developing until at least emerging adulthood.
Bulimia nervosa
Bulimia is an illness in which a person binges on food or has regular episodes of overeating and feels a loss of control. The person then uses different methods – such as vomiting or abusing laxatives – to prevent weight gain.
Corpus callosum
the location where fibers connect the brains left and right hemispheres.
Compare & Contrast: late & early maturing boys & early & late maturing girls.
girls mature earlier and end at middle adolescence. boys mature later and grow taller than girls towards adulthood.
Compare & Contrast: Child & Adolescent Problem Solving
adolescents become more problem solvers than children.
Adolescent Egocentrism
the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents that is reflected in their belief that others are as interested in them as they are in themselves, and in their sense of personal uniqueness and invincibility.
Imaginary Audience Phenomenon
refers to adolescents belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as their attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed, visible, and “on stage”.
Personal Fable
The part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent’s sense of uniqueness and invincibility.
Executive Functioning
an umbrella-like concept that compromises a number of higher-level cognitive processes.
Ethnic Identity
An enduring, basic aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group and the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.
Erik Erikson’s Adolescent Stage
identity vs. identity.
James Marcia’s period of identity development
crisis, Marcia’s term for a period of identity development
Identity foreclosure
Marcia’s term for the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Piaget’s formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses, or best guesses, about ways to solve problems.
The new model of parent-adolescent relationship
attachment and autonomy, moderate parent-adolescent conflict is common.
A Clique
A small group that ranges from 2 to about 12 individuals, averaging about 5 to 6 individuals, and one that can form because adolescents engage in similar activities.
Juvenile delinquent
An adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal.
Crowd
A larger group than a clique, one that is usually formed based on reputation; members may or may not spend much time together.
Arnett believed what characterizes individuals who are in the phase of emerging adulthood
occurring from approximately 18 to 25 years of age, this transitional period between adolescence and adulthood is characterized by experimentation and exploration.
What is the best plan to reduce the rising levels of teen pregnancy?
contraceptive use
What cognitive changes are associated with adolescence?
piaget’s theory, adolescent egocentrism, information processing. Abstract, idealistic, logically.
Adolescents are in which Jean Piaget stage?
formal operational
What are the facts regarding sexually transmitted infections STI’s?
diseases that are contracted primarily through sexual contact. this contact is not limited to vaginal intercourse but includes oral-genital contact and anal-genital contact as well.
What are the three major causes of death among American adolescents?
accidents, homicide, and suicide
In the United States, the average age of menarche?
12-13
Researchers use the term exploration in place of what?
is the act of searching for the purpose of discovery of information or resources.
Where do the fibers connect the brain’s left and right hemisphere?
Corpus Callosum
In the past three decades, traditional-aged college students have made what changes?
changing of values. personal well-being, decresed well-being of others.
What are the benefits and goals of service learning?
promotes social responsibility and service to the community.
What type of family atmosphere is important in an adolescent’s identity development?
close atmosphere.
What is Harry Stack Sullivan belief regarding one’s need for intimacy with peers?
He believes intimacy with friends is needed to be accpeted in society.
In the study conducted by Brown & Lohr, which group is most likely to have the highest self-esteem?
the jocks, athletically oriented and populars.
What is the first stage and characteristics of a developing romantic relationship in adolescence that takes place at the age of 11 to 13 years of age?
entering into romantic attractions and affiliations at about 11 to 13 years.
Dating and romantic relationships at an unusually early age are most likely to be linked with what?
early maturing.
What is the closest thing to a universal rite of passage in the United States?
school graduation ceremonies
What factor did researchers overlook in giving ethnic explanations for aspects of adolescent development?
many come from low income families and drop out to support their families.
Why are adolescent females depressed more often than adolescent males?
girls face more discrimination with self-images especially their bodies.
Which groups of adolescents is least likely to report that they have attempted suicide?
white and african american males.
