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Economics > Psychology Exam Pt 2 > Flashcards

Psychology Exam Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many parts of the Peripheral Nervous system be divided?

A

2

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2
Q

What is one of the parts of the Peripheral Nervous?

A

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

  • links the spinal cord with the body and sense organs
  • controls the voluntary behavior in general
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3
Q

What is another part of the Peripheral Nervous?

A

Automatic Nervous System (ANS)

  • Carries information to and from internal organs and glands
  • controls self-governing activities, heart rate, digestion etc.
  • Plays an essential role in our emotional lives
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4
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

A

The central nervous system, made up of the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system, made up of the nerves connecting the body to the CNS

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5
Q

What are the 2 branches of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic
-coordinates arousal
Parasympathetic
-quiets and conserves the body

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6
Q

What is a neuron?

A

A cell in the nervous system that transmit information

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7
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of neuron axons

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8
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Neuron fibers that receive incoming messages-looks like tree roots

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9
Q

What is a Axon?

A

A fiber that carries information away from the cell body of the neuron-branch out into thin fibers with bulb shaped axon terminals

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10
Q

What are axon terminals?

A

Bulb-shaped structures at the ends of axons that form synapses with the dendrites and the cell bodies of other neurons

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11
Q

What are the parts of a neuron?

A
  • dendrites
  • neuron fibers that receive incoming messages
  • the cell body-soma
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12
Q

What is the electrical charge of an inactive neuron called?

A

Resting potential

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13
Q

What flows out of the neuron while membrane gates are open, causes the negative after-potential?

A

Potassium Ions (k+)

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14
Q

Is every action potential is an all-or-nothing event?

A

Yes/True

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15
Q

What are some of the axons of neurons covered in?

A

Myelin Sheath

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16
Q

What is Ion channels?

A

Tiny openings through the axon membrane

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17
Q

Do individual neurons touch?

A

No-they are separated by a gap called the synapse

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18
Q

What are some examples of neurontransmitters?

A
  • Acetylcholine
  • Dopamine
  • Gamma-Aminobutyric (GABA)
  • Glutamate
  • Norepinephrine
  • Serotonin
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19
Q

What is a factor that may cause Schizophrenia?

A

Too much Dopamine

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20
Q

What is Neuroplasticity?

A

Our nervous systems learns and changes to experiences

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21
Q

Can inactive synaptic connection weaken and die?

A

Yes

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22
Q

What is Neurogenesis?

A

The production of new brain cells

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23
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

The process by which action potentials traveling down the axons of neurons coated with myelin jump from gap to gap in the myeline layer

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24
Q

What is Synaptic transmission?

A

The chemical process that carries information from one neuron to another

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25
Q

What is a receptor site?

A

An area on the surface of neurons and other cells that is sensitive to neurotransmitters or hormones

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26
Q

What are Neuropeptides?

A

Brain chemicals such as enkephalins and endorphins, that regulate the activity of neurons

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27
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

The simplest behavior, in which a stimulus provokes an automatic response

28
Q

What is a motor neuron?

A

A cell in the nervous system that transmits command from the brain to the muscles

29
Q

What does CT scan stand for?

A

Computed Tomographic scan

30
Q

What does MRI scan stand for?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan

31
Q

what are neurological soft signs?

A

Clumsiness, bad eye-hand coordination etc.

32
Q

What is the one part of our brain that is different from other animals?

A

Cerebral Cortex

  • Mostly made up of grey matter
  • contains 70% neurons in the CNS
33
Q

What is corticalization?

A

An increase in the relative size of the cerebral cortex

34
Q

What is the left side of the brain mostly used for?

A

Communication

35
Q

Doe the right side sees overall picture?

A

Yes

36
Q

Does the left side sees small details?

A

Yes

37
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A

areas of the cortex associated the movement, sense of self, and higher mental functions

38
Q

If the FL is damaged would it change personality and emotional lifes?

A

Yes

39
Q

What does the very front of the Frontal lobe, the Prefrontal area, do?

A

Helps regulate and coordinate own thought process

40
Q

What does the rest of the frontal lobes do?

A

Referred to as frontal association areas, they combine and process information

41
Q

Can reduced FL functions lead to greater impulsivity, including risk of drug addiction?

A

Yes

42
Q

What are executive functions?

A

The higher level mental processes that allow us to regulate and coordinate our own though process

43
Q

What is Aphasia?

A

A speech disturbance resulting from brain damage

44
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

A language area related to grammar and pronunciation

45
Q

What does the Primary Motor Area do?

A

Controls movements

46
Q

What are mirror neurons?

A

Helps one easily imitate another. Can cross species

47
Q

What does Parietal lobes do?

A

Register sensations such as touch, temp., pressure, and other somatic sensations.

48
Q

What does the Temporal lobes do?

A

auditory information is sent via the auditory nerve to the primary auditory area
-main hearing site

49
Q

What is the primary somatosensory area?

A

A receiving area for body sensations

50
Q

What is the Wernickes area?

A

It functions as a language site

51
Q

What is the Occipital lobes?

A

A part in the back of the brain that plays a role in visual processing
-a part of this is set aside to recognize faces

52
Q

What is the subcortex?

A

A term referring to all brain structures below the cerebral cortex
-can not live without the subcortex

53
Q

What are the layers of the subcortex?

A

Hindbrain
-most primitive
-mad up of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum
Midbrain
-connects the hindbrain with the forebrain
Forebrain
-made up of the structures limbic system, thalamus, and hypothalamus, and cortex
Medulla
-connects the brain with the spinal cord
-controls vital life functions
Pons
-a bridge between the medulla and the other area.
-influences sleep and arousal

54
Q

What is the Reticular Formation?

A

A collection of cells an fibers in the medulla and pons involved in arousal and attention

55
Q

What is the Cerebellum?

A

Stores “know-how” memories like skills

56
Q

What is the Amygdala?

A

Associated with emotion, especially far

57
Q

What is the Hippocampus?

A

Important for storing memories

58
Q

What is the Thalamus?

A

A structure that relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

59
Q

What is the Hypothalamus?

A

A small area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviors and basic biological needs

60
Q

What is the limbic System?

A

A set of structures that play important roles in regulating emotion and memory

61
Q

What are Glial cells?

A

They surround neurons and help feed them and remove waste

62
Q

Does the endocrine system plays a role in our behavior?

A

Yes

63
Q

Does the pituitary gland regulates body growth and “mastered” by the hypothalamus?

A

Yes

64
Q

What is Oxytocin?

A

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that plays a role in regulating pregnancy, parenthood, sexual activity, social bonding, trust, and stress reducing

65
Q

What is norepinephrine?

A

Both a neurotransmitter and an adrenal hormone that tends to arouse the body. Also associated with anger

66
Q

What is Epinephrine?

A

An adrenal hormone that tends to arouse the body, associated with fear

Economics (6 decks)

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