Psychology (Erikson stages - Cognitive Development)

Question 1

Who was Erikson?

Answer 1

A Psychoanalyst, heavily influenced by Freud and founded the eight stage theory of identity and psychosocial development

Question 2

1 Stage

Answer 2

Basic trust vs mistrust

8 months - 18 months Positive outcome - You get the sense that people are reliable and grow in confidence that others are trusting. Negative outcome - You have a fear of people and regard them as closed.

Question 3

2 Stage

Answer 3

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

18 months - 3 years Positive outcome - Self-sufficiency Negative outcome - doubtful to oneself

Question 4

3 Stage

Answer 4

Initiative vs Guilt

3 years - 5 years Positive outcome - Having no problem in taking action Negative outcome - feeling guilty about something that lets you push the brakes from taking action

Question 5

4 Stage

Answer 5

Industry vs Inferiority

6 years - 12 years Positive outcome - Develop self competence Negative outcome - Lack of self-confidence

Question 6

5 Stage

Answer 6

Identity vs role confusion

12 years - 18 years Positive outcome - You know about roles and acknowledge the individual traits everyone has, including you Negative outcome - Lack of knowledge about roles

Question 7

6 Stage

Answer 7

Intimacy vs isolation

18 years - 35 years Positive outcome - Able to form loving, sexual relationships and close friendships Negative outcome - fearing relationships, not being able to form any causes isolation

Question 8

7 Stage

Answer 8

Generativity vs Self absoprtion

35 years 55 / 65 years Positive outcome - Sense of contribution to society and what needs to be done Negative outcome - thinking life is trivial, meaningless and worthless

Question 9

8 Stage

Answer 9

Ego-integrity vs despair

65 years - death Positive outcome - Looking back at your accomplishments and be proud Negative outcome - Regret life decisions

Question 10

Erikson Stages limitations

Answer 10

Cannot be empirically measured, making them less scientific

In terms of when observing these stages, it is all subjective interpretation

His theory is too holistic and broad, not allowing for further insight in what experiences people need to have in order to successfully resolve various psychosocial conflicts

Question 11

Erikson Stages STRENGTHS

Answer 11

Based on Erikson’s ideas, psychology has reconceptualized the way the later periods of life are viewed. Middle and late adulthood are no longer viewed as irrelevant, because of Erikson, they are now considered active and significant times of personal growth.

Erikson’s theory has good face validity. Many people find that they can relate to his theories about various stages of the life cycle through their own experiences.