Classification of Mental Health Disorders (ICD and DSM) Flashcards
What does the ICD stand for and what is the newest version?
The International statistical classification of disease
It is supported by WHO and updated every 10 years
free of charge and is concerned with all diseases and disorders
ICD-11
What are the positives of the ICD?
Supported by WHO and Multilingual making it more generalizable to other cultures around the world than the DSM
What are the negatives of the ICD?
Is less accurate than the DSM as also less care goes into it due to less money being invested than the ICD.
What does the DSM stand for and What is the newest version?
The Diagnostic and statistical manual
Main use in the USA
5 versions (DSM-V being the newest one)
in the DSM 1 and 2 Homosexuality was classified as sociopathic personality disorder.
The DSM through the years
Removed the Multi axial system from the DSM IV
DSM 3 had a Kappa value of 0.7 for diagnosis and is now at 0.2-0.4
DSM for Reliability
Brown et al. has found out that the DSM has inter-rater reliability as when 2 researchers diagnosed patients with anxiety or mood disorders independently, they came to the same diagnosis.
DSM for Validity
Lahey et al. found out that when diagnosing 4-6 year old children with ADHD, the symptoms persisted into elementary school which means that the DSM has predictive validity.
DSM IVR and V similarity and difference
Both the DSM IVR and DSM V use a categorical classification of separate
disorders with lists of symptoms for each. However, one difference is
that there is a single condition called autism spectrum disorder in the
DSM V which includes four separate disorders from the DSM IVR
ICD-10 and 11 similarity and difference
Both the ICD-10 and the ICD-11 offer a wide range of not only mental disorders, but also physical health diseases. However, the ICD 11 is way more accurate than the ICD 10 in terms of diagnosis.
Diagnosis in terms of Culture
Cultural differences might not be taken into account e.g Luhrman and Uhrman finding out that hearing voices can be positive and negative depending on the culture, furthermore that patients from Ghana get diagnosed more often.
The patient not disclosing everything with the psychologist e.g
What is Cohens Kappa value?
Refers to the amount of people who receive the same diagnosis when diagnosed by two different practitioners.
Spitzer and his colleagues suggested that a value of 0.7 would be good reliability. New values compared to the DSM 3 are now 0.2-0.4 deemed as acceptable
DSM vs ICD
Rather use ICD as it can be generalized around the world and is more reliable (has gotten more reliable while the DSM has deteriorated in reliability).
