Psychology: Emotion and Motivation Flashcards
Conscious experience, evaluation of situation
Cognitive
Autonomic nervous system
Physiological Arousal
Body language
Behavioral expression
Cultural rules about how, when, and where we can express emotions
Display rules
We tend to automatically mimic emotional facial expressions
Facial mimicry
movement of the muscles in our face are interpreted by the brain as mood
Facial feedback hypothesis
- Prepare for action (fight or flight)
- Shape future behavior (fear is adaptive)
- Interaction with others
- Evaluate the environment
Function of emotions
Conscious evaluation of physiological experience labels the emotion
- Problem: many emotions have the same response; experience arousal without emotion
James- Lange (Biological)
Look to environment to determine what we feel
- Problem: emotions often happen to quickly
Two- Factor Theory (Cognitive)
Factors that direct and energize behavior
Motivation
There is a “best” amount of motivation
- Yerkes- Dodson Law: performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal
Optimum arousal theory
Motivated by inner drives
Drive theory
Motivation caused by external goals
Incentive theory
Motivation is a product of thoughts and expectations
Cognitive approach
Behavior for own enjoyment
Intrinsic motivation
Behavior for a tangible reward
Extrinsic motivation
Hypothalamus
Primary sex organ (female and male)
- Dopamine
- Oxytocin
Sexual neurotransmitters
- Androgens (male)
- Estrogens (female)
Sexual hormones
Beliefs and expectations
Cultural factors
- Sexuality is a continuum
- Biological, hormonal, and environmental components
- “coming out” is important to mental and physical health
Homosexuality
Believe they were born in the body of the opposite sex (not gender)
Transsexualism
- Brain regulation in the hypothalamus
- hunger and satiation
- Hormonal regulation
Biological
- Learned preferences
- Availability
Environmental
Weight the body tries to maintain
Weight set point
How quickly the body changes food into energy
- genetic determinants and age influence
Metabolism
Condition of being overweight
- typically related to B. M. I
- factors involved are complex and varied
Obesity
- Genetically higher set points; lower metabolism
- Fat cells?
- number determined within first 4 moths of life
- never lose them: they get smaller with weight loss
- Diet
Potential causes of obesity
- Diabetes; heart disease; high blood pressure; stroke
- Stigma
Physical and mental health risks of obesity
- Cycle of diet and weight gain linked to more illness
- Occasional sweets are not a “diet killer”
- Can lead to more serious negative behaviors
Dieting
Fear of being fat; denial that behavior is a problem
- often occurs after serious dieting
- most common in woman 12-40
- does occur in males (about 10% or more)
- potential damage:
- major organ damage; bone density loss; 10% die of
starvation
Anorexia Nervosa
Binge/ purge cycle
- intake of large quantity of calories in a short time
- compensatory behaviors: over exercising, laxatives, vomiting
- cannot tell if someone has this by sight
- 10-13% cases are male
- potential damage:
- damage/ eruption of esophagus; heart failure
Bulimia
