Psychology: Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

Conscious experience, evaluation of situation

Answer 1

Cognitive

Question 2

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

Physiological Arousal

Question 3

Body language

Answer 3

Behavioral expression

Question 4

Cultural rules about how, when, and where we can express emotions

Answer 4

Display rules

Question 5

We tend to automatically mimic emotional facial expressions

Answer 5

Facial mimicry

Question 6

movement of the muscles in our face are interpreted by the brain as mood

Answer 6

Facial feedback hypothesis

Question 7

• Prepare for action (fight or flight)
• Shape future behavior (fear is adaptive)
• Interaction with others
• Evaluate the environment

Answer 7

Function of emotions

Question 8

Conscious evaluation of physiological experience labels the emotion
- Problem: many emotions have the same response; experience arousal without emotion

Answer 8

James- Lange (Biological)

Question 9

Look to environment to determine what we feel
- Problem: emotions often happen to quickly

Answer 9

Two- Factor Theory (Cognitive)

Question 10

Factors that direct and energize behavior

Answer 10

Motivation

Question 11

There is a “best” amount of motivation
- Yerkes- Dodson Law: performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal

Answer 11

Optimum arousal theory

Question 12

Motivated by inner drives

Answer 12

Drive theory

Question 13

Motivation caused by external goals

Answer 13

Incentive theory

Question 14

Motivation is a product of thoughts and expectations

Answer 14

Cognitive approach

Question 15

Behavior for own enjoyment

Answer 15

Intrinsic motivation

Question 16

Behavior for a tangible reward

Answer 16

Extrinsic motivation

Question 17

Hypothalamus

Answer 17

Primary sex organ (female and male)

Question 18

• Dopamine
• Oxytocin

Answer 18

Sexual neurotransmitters

Question 19

• Androgens (male)
• Estrogens (female)

Answer 19

Sexual hormones

Question 20

Beliefs and expectations

Answer 20

Cultural factors

Question 21

• Sexuality is a continuum
• Biological, hormonal, and environmental components
• “coming out” is important to mental and physical health

Answer 21

Homosexuality

Question 22

Believe they were born in the body of the opposite sex (not gender)

Answer 22

Transsexualism

Question 23

• Brain regulation in the hypothalamus
  
  • hunger and satiation
• Hormonal regulation

Answer 23

Biological

Question 24

• Learned preferences
• Availability

Answer 24

Environmental

Question 25

Weight the body tries to maintain

Answer 25

Weight set point

Question 26

How quickly the body changes food into energy
- genetic determinants and age influence

Answer 26

Metabolism

Question 27

Condition of being overweight
- typically related to B. M. I
- factors involved are complex and varied

Answer 27

Obesity

Question 28

• Genetically higher set points; lower metabolism
• Fat cells?
  
  • number determined within first 4 moths of life
  • never lose them: they get smaller with weight loss
• Diet

Answer 28

Potential causes of obesity

Question 29

• Diabetes; heart disease; high blood pressure; stroke
• Stigma

Answer 29

Physical and mental health risks of obesity

Question 30

• Cycle of diet and weight gain linked to more illness
• Occasional sweets are not a “diet killer”
• Can lead to more serious negative behaviors

Answer 30

Dieting

Question 31

Fear of being fat; denial that behavior is a problem
- often occurs after serious dieting
- most common in woman 12-40
- does occur in males (about 10% or more)
- potential damage:
- major organ damage; bone density loss; 10% die of
starvation

Answer 31

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 32

Binge/ purge cycle
- intake of large quantity of calories in a short time
- compensatory behaviors: over exercising, laxatives, vomiting
- cannot tell if someone has this by sight
- 10-13% cases are male
- potential damage:
- damage/ eruption of esophagus; heart failure

Answer 32

Bulimia