psychology chapter 4 Flashcards
what is consciousness?
it is the awareness of internal and external stimuli such as feelings of hunger and pain or detection of light.
what is wakefulness?
high levels of sensory awareness, thought and behaviour - being awake
describe past vs modern unconsciousness
Past (Freud’s unconsciousness):
-Dynamic unconscious: Active
system, hidden memories,
instincts and desires, and the
person’s inner struggle to
control these forces
* Repression: Removes
unacceptable thoughts and
memories from consciousness
-basement
Modern Unconsciousness:
-Cognitive unconscious: Mental
processes that give rise to a
person’s thoughts, choices,
emotions, and behaviour even
though they are not
experienced by the person
-computer running in the background
Describe Freud’s Level of Consciousness.
- The conscious mind
This is the tip of the iceberg, or the part of the mind you’re actively aware of. It includes thoughts, feelings, and perceptions you’re experiencing right now. - The preconscious mind
Just below the surface, the preconscious contains information that you aren’t currently thinking about, but can easily bring to mind when needed (e.g. literature) - The unconscious mind
This is the deepest part of the iceberg, hidden below the water. It’s where Freud believed most of our desires, fears, painful memories, and urges live. You aren’t aware of these thoughts, and they can influence your behaviour without you realizing it.
What is Jung’s levels of consciousness?
-Pyramid
1. Conscious Mind (Ego)
What it is: The Ego represents the conscious mind, similar to Freud’s idea of consciousness. It includes thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and memories that we are actively aware of.
2. Personal Unconscious
similar to Freud’s unconscious but with some key differences. It contains memories, thoughts, and experiences that have been forgotten or repressed, but it also includes things that are not actively in your awareness (like habits or unimportant details). - memories and impulses, forgotten events
Example: An old childhood memory you’ve forgotten, but that influences your relationships today, is in your unconscious.
3. Collective Unconscious: shared by all humans, universal experiences, symbols, and patterns that all people inherit, regardless of culture or personal experience. - ARCHETYPES
Define a biological rhythm
an internal cycle of biological activity that includes
-fluctuation of body temperature
-menstrual cycle
-levels of alertness
what is a circadian rhythm?
biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.
name the brain areas involved in consciousness
hypothalamus: homeostasis
pituitary gland: produces melatonin, good for sleep
pineal gland:
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
define sleep
-state marked by relatively low physical activity and a reduced sense of awareness
-sleep-wake cycles are controlled by multiple brain areas including the thalamus and hypothalamus (slow-wave sleep) and the pons (REM sleep)
Sleep is associated with the secretion and regulation of many hormones including:
-Melatonin
- Follicle stimulating hormone
- Luteinizing hormone
- Growth hormone.
Why do we sleep?
- Adaptive function (evolutionary hypotheses)
- Cognitive Function
- Benefits of Sleep
define sleep regulation
the brain’s control of
switching between sleep and wakefulness as
well as coordinating this cycle with the outside
world.
define sleep debt
result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis (lose out on sleep)
define sleep rebound
a sleep-deprived individual
will tend to take a shorter time to fall asleep
during subsequent opportunities for sleep.
Brainwave activity during sleep.
Brainwave activity changes dramatically across the different stages of sleep.
Changes in brain wave activity can be visualized using EEG.
-alpha: relatively low
frequency, relatively high
amplitude, synchronized. (As you relax, like when you’re lying in bed with your eyes closed)
-theta: low frequency,
low amplitude. (light sleep, dreaming)
-delta: low frequency,
high amplitude (deep sleep)
