Neurons (chapter 1 - Part 1) Flashcards
what is a neuron?
Nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking
what can cause neurons to not communicate properly? +give general/known example
gene mutations + autism/on spectrum
describe the parts of the prototypical neuron
dendrites, soma (cell body), axon
which direction does the information run through a neuron?
dendrites to axon terminal
describe role and parts of the cell membrane
interface between inside and outside, self-organizing phospholipid-bilayer, tail and head (hydrophobic/hydrophilic)
name proteins that are inserted in the membrane
neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, ion pumps + enzymes
typically how long is the soma in diameter
about 20 micro meters in diameter
describe parts of the stoma
-skin or membrane
-cytosol inside the membrane (salty and potassium rich)
-inside cytosol are organelles
-cytosol+organelles=cytoplasm
-nucleus (DNA=genetic information)
what is the function of the dendrites
receive input signals from other cells
what is the function of the axon and how?
send output signals (highly branched with many target neurons
true or false? genetic code is blueprint for making proteins
TRUEEEE
talk about DNA
its in the nucleus, double-stranded with tightly packed chromosomes, 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), if lay flat it would span 2 meters, made of 2 complementary strands with nucleotides (a+t, g+c)
describe rough endoplasmatic reticulum and ribosomes
its a “maze” of membrane dottted with ribosomes (ribosomes is where the manufacturing of proteins according to the genetic code is done)
are all ribosomes embedded into the rough ER?
NO!
describe smooth endoplasmatic reticulum and golgi apparatus
smooth: looks similar to rough but has no ribosomes. folding of proteins + regulates the internal concentration of calcium (fundamental ion for communication)
golgi: -modyfying proteins (foldin, cutting)
-packaging proteins for export
