Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 1000 > Psychology Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Psychology Chapter 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What do dendrites do

A

collect messahes from other neurons and send them to the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do axons do

A

Sends electrical impulses to other neurons, muscles, glands. They generate “action potential”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the Glial Cells do

A

Hold neurons in place, make food for them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Myelin Sheath

A

Insualtion layer derived from glial cells that cover some axons. Makes action potential travel down the axon faster. Broken up into nodes of ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do neurons communicate through

A

Action Potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is resting potential

A

When ther is no communication happening, the charge inside the neuron is negative and is surrounded by positvely charged Na

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is synapse

A

The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the connection neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Glutamic Acid

A
  • Excitatory

- Involved in all behaviour, learning, and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Dopamine

A
  • Motivation, reward, pleasure
  • Voluntary motor control
  • Thought process
  • Too much causes Schizophrenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is GABA

A
  • Inhibitor
  • > > Anxiety, motor control
  • Alcohol makes the brain more sensitive to it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are Endorphins

A
  • Reduce pain
  • Bind to same receptors as opiates
  • Act as relievers in severe injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Acetycholine

A
  • Memory and muscle activity
  • Lack of it causes Alzheimer’s
  • Botulism blocks its release from axon, causing paralysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Neuromodulators

A
  • Circulate brain and decrease/increase sensitivity of neuron’s
  • Involved in eating/sleep/stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Norepinephrine

A
  • involved in arousal and eating

- inhibitory and also excitatory depending on receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Serotonin

A
  • Mood, eating, sleep, sex

- Depression, sleep/eating disorders are treated by blocking reuptake, deactivation of Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antagonist VS. Agonisst

A

Antagonist: drug that inhibits activity of a neurotransmitter

Agnostic: drug that increases activity of a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does alcohol do to the body

A

It stimulates GABA, inhibits glutamic acid, and cases slowing of neural activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does caffeine do to the body

A

Antagonistic for adenosine, a chemical that inhibits excitatory transmitters (causes tiredness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Rohypnol and GHB do to the body

A

Date rape and powerful sedative that enhance GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does Amphetamines do to the body

A
  • Increase dopamine and norepinephrine activity

- Does this by increasing production and preventing reuptake

21
Q

What does Nicotine do to the body

A
  • Mimics ACh and stimulates dopamine

- The feeling recieved from dopamine is what causes the addiction

22
Q

What does Cocaine do to the body

A
  • Stimulates release of dopamine

- Prevents its reuptake

23
Q

What are sensory neurons

A

Neurons that send messages from sense organs to the brain

24
Q

What are Interneurons

A

The most abundant neurons, have a connective function

25
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Neurons that connect muscles, glands, and sensory receptors

26
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System

A
  • voluntary movements

- consists of sensory and motor neurons

27
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • made up of glands and the involuntary muscles of organs

- also involved in motivation, emotional behaviour and stress response

28
Q

Types of ANS and their functions

A
  1. ) Sympathetic Nervous System
    - responsible for “fight-or-flight”
    - Ex. speeds up heart, dilates pupils, increases oxygen
  2. ) Parasympathetic Nervous System
    - slows down the body, returns you to rest
    - both work together to maintain “homeostasis”
29
Q

What is the CNS

A

Central Nervous System and consists of neurons only in brain and spinal cord

30
Q

Part function of the spinal cord

A
  • a path of travel for nerves that leave the CNS

- Vertebrae protects the nerves

31
Q

What are spinal reflexes

A

It is when your body can react to certain situations before the signal even reaches your brain
- Ex.) touching a hot stove

32
Q

Components of Hindbrain

A
  1. ) Medulla
  2. ) Pons
  3. ) Cerebellum
33
Q

Function of the Medulla

A
  • right off of spinal cord

- regulates heart rate and respiration

34
Q

Function of Pons

A
  • bridge between the nerve impulses of the higher and lower levels of the nervous system
  • involved in sleep/dreaming
35
Q

Function of the Cerebellum

A
  • Muscular movement coordination, learning, and memories
  • Regulates movements that require timing
  • Alcohol affects this and makes you uncoordinated
36
Q

Function of Midbrain

A
  • cluster of sensory, motor nuerons, and fibre tracts
  • relay centre for visual/auditory system
  • control eye movements
37
Q

Components of the Forebrain

A
  1. ) Thalamus
  2. ) Basal Ganglia
  3. ) Hypothalamus
38
Q

Function of the Thalamus

A
  • sensory relay station/switchboard

- fromhere, sensations go to higher brain regions

39
Q

Function of the Basal Ganglia

A
  • controls voluntary motor control

- In Parkinson’s the neurons that supply it with dopamine die

40
Q

Function of the Hypothalamus

A
  • controls biological drives (sex drive, temperature regulation, hunger, eating, drinking, aggression)
  • controls hormone secretions
41
Q

What is the job of the Limbic System

A
  • help satisfy motivation and emotional urges caused by the hypothalamus
  • responsive for goal directed sequences
42
Q

Function of Hippocampus

A
  • forms and retrieves memories

- damage can prevent long term memory

43
Q

Function of the Amygdala

A
  • organizes emotional response patterns (aggression, fear)

- can produce unconscious emotional responses

44
Q

What are the parts of the Cerebral Cortex

A
  1. ) Frontal Lobe
  2. ) Parietal Lobe
  3. ) Occipital Lobe
  4. ) Temporal Lobe
45
Q

Components of the Frontal Lobe

A
  1. Motor Cortex
  2. Prefrontal Cortex
  3. Broca’s Area
46
Q

Function of the Motor Cortex

A
  • each part of it controls a part of the body’s voluntary movements
  • right controls left side of the body, and vice versa
47
Q

Functions of Prefrontal Cortex

A
  • “executive function” is a goal setting and judgement

- murderers lack this function

48
Q

Function of Broca’s Area

A
  • controls speech, motor movements of speech and grammar/word choice
  • damage still lets you understand speech but you cannot speak it yourself

Psychology 1000 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions