Psychology Chapter 12: Emotion, Stress, and Health

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience

Question 2

James-Lange theory

Answer 2

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Question 3

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 3

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

Question 4

two-factor theory

Answer 4

the Schachtner-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Question 5

facial feedback effect

Answer 5

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

Question 6

catharsis

Answer 6

emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relives aggressive urges

Question 7

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 7

people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Question 8

subjective well-being

Answer 8

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

Question 9

adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 9

our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 10

relative deprivation

Answer 10

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares onself

Question 11

health psychology

Answer 11

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 12

stress

Answer 12

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Question 13

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 13

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phrases- alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 14

tend and befriend

Answer 14

under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Question 15

psychophysiological illness

Answer 15

literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

Question 16

psyhconeuroimmunology

Answer 16

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together, affect the immune system and resulting health

Question 17

lymphocytes

Answer 17

the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack other cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances

Question 18

coronary heart disease

Answer 18

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart of muscle; the leading cause of death in developed countries

Question 19

Type A

Answer 19

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Question 20

Type B

Answer 20

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

Question 21

coping

Answer 21

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods

Question 22

problem-focused coping

Answer 22

attempting to alleviate stress directly- by changing the way we interact with that stressor

Question 23

emotion focused coping

Answer 23

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one’s stress reaction

Question 24

aerobic exercise

Answer 24

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety

Question 25

complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

Answer 25

as yet unproven health care treatments intended to supplement (complement) or serve as alternatives to conventional medicine, and which typically are not widely taught in medical schools, used in hospitals, or reimbursed by insurance companies. When research shows a therapy to be safe and effective, it usually then becomes part of accepted medical practice