Psychology Ch.6 Flashcards
What is Learning?
Relatively permanent
change in behavior or
mental processes caused
by experience
What is Conditioning?
Process of learning
associations between
stimuli and behavioral
responses
Is an example of
Learning
Being
When a dog is conditioned to salivate with a bell which signals food is an example of?
Classical Condition
When a dog is given food they salivate but when a person rings a bell the dogs doesn’t salivate at the bell but when they see the food the bell is an example of a?
Neutral Stimulus
•An unlearned stimulus that
naturally and automatically
elicits an unconditioned
response (UR) without
previous conditioning. For example the dog experiment.
Unconditioned Stimulus
•Unlearned reaction to an
unconditioned stimulus (US)
without previous conditioning. For example the dog salivating at the food.
Unconditioned Response
Previously neutral
stimulus (bell) that,
through repeated
pairings with an
unconditioned stimulus
(dog food), now elicits a conditioned response
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Learned reaction (salivate) to a
conditioned stimulus (bell ringing)
that occurs because of repeated
pairings with an unconditioned
stimulus (dog food)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Spider phobias or an thing anxiety, fear inducing, emotional is a example of?
Classical Conditioning
The use of anesthetics and painless dental
techniques leads to the gradual reduction
and elimination of fear of dentistry is an example of?
Extinction
Fear of dentistry returns spontaneously a
few months or a few years after extinction is an example of?
Spontaneous recovery
A person shows a fear response when
visiting the office of a NEW dentist is an example of?
Stimulus
generalization
A person shows a fear response to the sight
of a dentist’s drill but not to equipment
used for cleaning teeth is an example of?
Stimulus
discrimination
Voluntary learning through consequences
If student receive answers to the questions only
when they raise their hands before asking them,
hand-raising behavior is strengthened
Operant Conditioning
If student receive answers to the questions only
when they raise their hands before asking them,
hand-raising behavior is strengthened is example of?
Positive Reinforcer
The annoying sound of a buzzer on an alarm
clock increases the likelihood that we will get
out of bed to turn it off is an example of
Negative Reinforcer
Food, water, and sexual stimulation are ?
Primary reinforcer
Money, which can be exchanged for food and
clothing, is a?
Secondary reinforcer
A boy learns to dress himself when the
parent reinforces him for accomplishing
each small step in the process is an example of?
Shaping
A girl stops calling out in class without
first raising her hand when the teacher
fails to respond to her is an example of?
Extinction
A girl receives praise each time she puts
her clothes away is an example of?
Schedule of continuous
reinforcement
A boy receives praise for putting his
clothes away every third time he does it
(fixed-ratio schedule) is an example of?
Schedule of partial
reinforcement
A person arrives at a solution to a
problem after thinking about it from
a different angle.
Insight
learning
person learns the words of a song
playing on the radio but doesn’t sing
them until friends at a party begin
singing. Cognitive Maps can be built is an example of?
Latent Learning
Through observation, a child learns
to imitate the gestures and habits of
older siblings.
Observational
learning
Specify overt behavior you want to change-Ex. Exercise 4 days a week/lose weight/change body/feel fit & strong
2. Gather baseline data-Ex. too tired at night-better energy in mornings-make time to exercise in mornings/weekends
3. Design your Program –Ex. Exercise in mornings earns TV time at night-no exercise earns no TV time and penalty of doing
the missed workout on off day-Reward of choice for every month of committed routines (30 days of exercise routines)
4. Execute Program-Ex. Goal is new habits, weight, and physical abilities/endurance/strength for a lifetime
Is an example of?
Behaviour/Self-modification
