Psychology Ch:10 section 1

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

The unique, core set of characteristics that influence the way one thinks, acts, and feels, and that are relatively consistent and enduring throughout the life span.

Question 2

archetypes

Answer 2

Primal images, patterns of thoughts, and storylines stored in the collective unconscious, with themes that may be found in art, literature, music, dreams, and religions.

Question 3

collective unconscious

Answer 3

According to Jung, the universal experiences of humankind passed from generation to generation, including memories.

Question 4

ego

Answer 4

According to Freud, the structure of the mind that uses the reality principle to manipulate situations, plan for the future, solve problems, and make decisions.

Question 5

ego defense mechanisms

Answer 5

Unconscious processes the ego uses to distort perceptions and memories and thereby reduce anxiety created by the id-superego conflict.

Question 6

fixation

Answer 6

Being stuck in a particular psychosexual stage of development as a result of unsuccessfully dealing with the conflict characteristic of that stage.

Question 7

id

Answer 7

According to Freud, the most primitive structure of the mind, the activities of which occur at the unconscious level and are guided by the pleasure principle.

Question 8

Oedipus complex

Answer 8

According to Freud, the attraction a boy feels toward his mother, along with the resentment or envy directed toward his father.

Question 9

pleasure principle

Answer 9

A principle that guides the id, directing behavior toward instant gratification and away from contemplating consequences.

Question 10

psychoanalysis

Answer 10

Freud’s views regarding personality as well as his system of psychotherapy and tools for the exploration of the unconscious.

Question 11

psychosexual stages

Answer 11

According to Freud, the stages of development of sexuality and personality, from birth to adulthood, each of which has an erogenous zone as well as a conflict that must be dealt with.

Question 12

reality principle

Answer 12

A principle that guides the ego as it negotiates between the id and the environment, directing behavior to follow society’s rules.

Question 13

superego

Answer 13

According to Freud, the structure of the mind that guides behavior to follow the rules of society, parents, or other authority figures.

Question 14

unconscious

Answer 14

According to Freud, the level of consciousness outside of awareness, which is difficult to access without effort or therapy.