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Psychology > Psychology: Biological Basis > Flashcards

Psychology: Biological Basis Flashcards

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0
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

Records brain wave activity

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1
Q

Phineas Gage

A

A rod went through his head. The injury didn’t kill him, caused major personality changes. This renewed the desire to study the brain.

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2
Q

Computerized Tomography (CT)

A

Takes X-ray images of the brain

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3
Q

Position Emission Tomography (PET)

A

Shows the brain’s activity by tracking radioactive glucose

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4
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

Takes a detailed images of the brains soft tissue by aligning spinning atoms in a magnetic field

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5
Q

Hindbrain

A

Located where spinal chord goes into cranium.

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6
Q

Medulla

A

Swelling at tip of the spinal chord. Controls involuntary action

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls fine coordinated motor activity

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8
Q

Pons

A

Bridge from brain stem to cortex. Carries sensory information to cortex.

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9
Q

Midbrain

A

Takes incoming neuro information and channels it to cortex. Also involved in muscle tone and helps in sleep, wakefulness, and attention.

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10
Q

Forebrain

A

Most complex part of brain. Separates humans from animals

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11
Q

Convolutions

A

Folds in the brain. Memories stored within

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12
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Processes visual information

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13
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Processes information of pain, touch, and pressure

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14
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Largest part of the cortex. Involved in speech, future thought, and planning

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15
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Regulates sleep and wakefulness

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16
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for visual, auditory, and somatosensory information

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17
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls drives such as hunger, thirst, etc.

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18
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotions and emotion laden memories. Adds emotion to memory

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19
Q

Hippocampus

A

Stores short term memories and takes them to long term

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20
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Connects the hemispheres of the brain

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21
Q

Septum

A

Rageful behavior

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22
Q

Cortex

A

Surface layer of the brain. Separates humans from animals

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23
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Controls voluntary movements.

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24
Q

Sensory Cortex

A

Processes body sensations

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25
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Interprets auditory information

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26
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Controls ability to speak

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27
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Spatial-visual tasks, facial recognition and creativity.

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28
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Language, logic, and sequential tasks

29
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain. Divided into two hemispheres

30
Q

Limbic System

A

Primitive part of the brain.

31
Q

Central NS

A

Consists of brain and spinal chord

32
Q

Peripheral NS

A

Divided into Somatic & Automatic

33
Q

Somatic NS

A

Skeletal muscles

34
Q

Automatic NS

A

Glands and internal organs.

35
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Gets the body ready for action

36
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

Brings the body back to homeostasis or normal

37
Q

Neuron

A

Basic unit of the nervous system.

38
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in the eye, adjusts to amount of light.

39
Q

Fovea

A

Point of clearest vision in the eye

40
Q

Blind Spot

A

Point of the eye with no rods and cones

41
Q

Retina

A

Point of transduction in the eye

42
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Takes information to the brain to be interpreted.

43
Q

Rods

A

Receptors for black & white vision

44
Q

Cones

A

Receptors that perceive color.

45
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.

46
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent protective covering over the eye

47
Q

Lens

A

Sends image to the retina.

48
Q

Sound

A

Caused by vibrating objects that produce sound waves.

49
Q

Pinna

A

External part of the ear, helps catch sound waves.

50
Q

Auditory Canal

A

Takes sound from pinna to ear drum.

51
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Also called eardrum, vibrates when sound hits it.

52
Q

Ossicles

A

Three bones in inner ear that transmit sound to the cochlea.

53
Q

Cochlea

A

Area of transduction in ear.

54
Q

Hair cells

A

By fluid movement trigger neural impulses

55
Q

Auditory nerve

A

Takes information to the temporal lobe for interpretation.

56
Q

Place theory

A

Differences in pitch result from stimulation of different areas of the cochlea.

57
Q

Frequency theory

A

Differences in pitch are due to rate of impulses traveling up the auditory nerve.

58
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

There are three types of cones: red, blue, & green. All colors are a combination of the three.

59
Q

Opponent-Process theory

A

Colors are analyzed in opponent colors. The thalamus turns the colors in and off.

60
Q

Smell

A

Only sense that doesn’t undergo transduction

61
Q

Set

A

What we come to expect from a stimulus

62
Q

Closure

A

We fill in gaps in perception

63
Q

Attention

A

Conscious focusing on a particular stimulus

64
Q

Good figure

A

We always see the strongest stimulus first

65
Q

Gestalts

A

Looks for patterns in perception

66
Q

Gradient

A

Objects appear fuzzy in the distance

67
Q

Disparity

A

Both eyes see slightly different stimuli

68
Q

Depth perception

A

Awareness of three dimensions

69
Q

Proximity

A

Tendency to group things on the basis of how close they are to each other

70
Q

Figure and ground

A

We tend to see main objects first

Psychology (3 decks)

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