Psychology A03 Flashcards
Wundt AO3 Strength
P - Praised for moving psychology away from its philosophical roots.
E - Controlled environments with standardised procedure to study emotions, feelings and sensations.
E - Eg: Using same stimulus every time (metronome)
L - Therefore increased ability to replicate research and increased psychology’s scientific status (emergence)
Wundt AO3 Weakness
P - Introspection, replicable NOT reliable
E - Introspection focuses on participants subjective experience, difficult to establish consistent principles of human behaviour as findings differed.
E - Behaviourist Watson believed psychology should only study behaviours that can be observed and measured scientifically.
L - Behaviourist approach developed, which used empirical and scientific methods such as controlled lab environments increasing psychology’s status as a science.
Learning Approach (Behaviourism) Practical Applications
P - Practical applications
E - Principles of theory that behaviour caused by classical conditioning = systematic desensitisation.
E - Treats phobias by unlearning maladaptive associations to phobic stimuli via gradual exposure.
L - Important part of applied psychology as it helps treat people in the real world
Humanism AO3s
- Holistic
- Practical Applications
- Free Will
- Cultural Relativism
Humanism Practical Applications AO3
P - Practical Applications
E - Principles of theory that individuals have free will to choose their behaviour lead to development of PCT
E - Treat abnormalities (depression + anxiety) + helps individual achieve congruence and self actualise through empathy and unconditional positive regard.
L - Important part of applied psychology as helps treat people in the real world
Humanism Free Will AO3
P - Takes more positive stance to explaining human behaviour (argues for free will)
E - Choose own behaviour + reject external + internal influences
E = Eg: Individual’s choices in life affect whether they self actualise
L - More positive approach when compared to deterministic approaches ( behaviourism) which suggests free will is not possible.
Humanism Holism AO3
P - Takes a holistic approach
E - Account how person’s subjective experience influences and explains behaviour
E - Reductionist approaches (behaviourism) reduce complex human behaviours down to stimulus response associations.
L - More valid way of understandigng human behaviour in real-life context
Psychodynamic AO3s
- Practical Applications (Psychotherapy)
- No scientific methods
- Psychic determinism
Behaviourism AO3s
- Practical Applications
- Scientific Methods (Pavlov)
- Environmental Determinism
- Environmental Reductionism
Cognitive Approach AO3s
- Soft Determinism (Strength)
- Scientific Methods (Brain Scan Techniques)
- Practical Applications (CBT)
- Machine Reductionism
Social Learning Theory AO3’s
- Scientific Methods (Bandura)
- Practical Applications (Restricted Advertisement)
- Alternate Explanation (Biological)
Biological Approach AO3’s
- Practical Applications (SSRI’s)
- Scientific Methods (Brain Scans)
- Biological Reductionism
- Biological Determinism
Cognitive Neuroscience AO3’s
- Scientific Methods (PET and fMRI scans)
- Practical Applications (Broca’s Area)
- Lack mundane realism (Visualising task when completing brain scan)
Reliability and Validity of Schizophrenia AO3’s
- Symptom Overlap
- Co-Morbidity
- Gender Bias
- Culture Bias
Biological Explanation for Schizophrenia AO3’s
- Scientific Methods (Gene Mapping - PCM1)
- Practical Applications (Typical + Atypical Antipsychotics)
- Biological Determinism
- Alternative Explanation (Family Dysfunction)
Psychological Explanation for Schizophrenia (Family Dysfunction) AO3’s
- RTS SZG Mother (Mednick Et. Al, children raised with SZG Mothers, 8% and 1% general population)
- RTS Double Bind Communication (Berger, Schizos remember more DBC in childhood than non-schizos)
- Practical Applications (Family Therapy)
- Alternative Explanation (Biological Explanation - Dopamine Hypothesis)
Cognitive Explanations for Schizophrenia AO3’s
- RTS (Stirling Et. Al, stroop test 2x long to complete)
- Practical Applications (CBT)
- Alternative Explanation (Biological - Dopamine Hypothesis)
Schizophrenia Drug Therapy AO3’s
- RTS Effectiveness (Thornley Et. Al)
- Little motivation from patient, unlike CBT
- Negative side effects
