Psychology Flashcards
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
The most well-known and influential theory of cognitive development is that of French psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980).
he proposed a more active role for them than that suggested by learning theory
Schemas
A schema describes both the mental and physical actions involved in understanding and knowing.
Assimilation
The process of taking in new information into our already existing schemas
Accommodation
Another part of adaptation involves changing or altering our existing schemas in light of new information
Equilibration
Piaget believed that all children try to strike a balance between assimilation and accommodation
William James
Developed a theory of self consciousness in his work.
James discusses the composition of what makes the Self and breaks it down into “I” and “Me” and explaining the differences and importance of each
The “Me”
can be thought of as a separate object or individual a person refers to when describing their personal experiences
“I”
is the self that knows who they are and what they have done in their life
Material self
The material self consists of things that belong to a person or entities that a person belongs to
Social self
Our social selves are who we are in a given social situation.
Spiritual self
For James, the spiritual self was who we are at our core. It is more concrete or permanent than the other two selves. The spiritual self is our subjective and most intimate self.
Carl Rogers
believed that humans have one basic motive, that is the tendency to self-actualize - i.e., to fulfill one’s potential and achieve the highest level of ‘human-beingness’ we can
Ideal self
How we want to be. what our society promotes and what we think is our best interest
Real self
who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look and act. Real self is our self image
Unified self
see the self as unified. One person, and the things that person thinks, wants, hopes are all part of unified being.
