Philosophy Flashcards
“Philos” and “Sophia” meaning
“Love for Wisdom”
Socrates
Socrates believed that philosophy should produce practical results in order to improve the well-being of society. He tried to establish an ethical system based on human reason rather than on theological doctrine.
The Socratic Method
Method of eliminating hypotheses, continuous identification and elimination of those that lead to contradictions
Socrates Philosophy
The Unexamined Life is not Worth Living
PLATO
Theory of Forms
physical realm and the spiritual realm
ST. AUGUSTINE
the science for the solution of the problem of life
RENE DESCARTES
Father of Modern Philosophy
Descartes discarded tradition and supported rationalization and logic rather than ideas based upon experiences
RENE DESCARTES
Methodological Skepticism
Descartes’ main method of acquisition of knowledge was to doubt everything
JOHN LOCKE
John Locke holds that personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity.
Tabula Rasa
(Latin: “scraped tablet”—i.e., “clean slate”)
Memory
Memory, as the proverbial storehouse of all our ideas.
Consciousness
Memory makes possible the integrity of personal identity
Empiricism
ancient Greek word empeiria (experience)
the view that all concepts originate in experience
DAVID HUME
how themindworks in acquiring what is called knowledge. There can be no knowledge of anything beyond experience.
IMMANUEL KANT
According to him, we all have an inner and an outer self which together form our consciousness.
The Outer Self
At times it is helpful to present a different outer self to the world than what we experience on the inside
The Inner Self
In contrast to the outer self, the inner self is about what can’t be seen: feelings, intuition, values, beliefs, personality, thoughts, emotions, fantasies, spirituality, desire, and purpose
Sigmund Freud
father of psychiatry
the Freudian theory of personality. Freud believed that events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality
The Id
The id is the primitive and instinctive component of personality. It consists of all the inherited
responds to basic urges, needs, and desires.
The Ego
The ego is ‘that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world. Decision making component.
The Superego
The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one’s parents and others. It develops around the age of 3 – 5 years during the phallic stage of psychosexual development
Gilbert Ryle
Ryle’s first book, The Concept of Mind
Paul churchland
Along with his wife, Churchland is a major proponent of eliminative materialism
