Psychology Flashcards
What are the 3 levels of thinking?
- Automatic thoughts
- Underlying rules/assumptions
- core beliefs
Arbitrary Interference (a type of maladaptive thinking) is what?
drawing conclusions on basis of insufficient/irrelevent info
Absolutistic/Dichotomous thinking (a type of maladaptive thinking) is what?
splitting experience in one of 2 opposite categories
aka perfectionism
What is the Fait Accompli maladaptive thought process?
What the hell effect e.g. eat one biscuit, fail diet so finish pack
Explain the congnitive model
…What you think influences How you feel influences What you do…
What are the goals of CBT?
- identify maladaptive beliefs
- remove them
- teach positive coping strategies
What does ‘stress management’ aim to do?
- change external causes and individual response to stress
- provide long & short term solutions
- be preventative
What does ‘motivational interviewing’ aim to do?
-encourage indiv.s to explore their conflicting attitudes to a behaviour –> cognitive dissonance
What does ‘cognitive restructuring’ aim to do?
- teaches patient to question automatic thoughts/predictions that -> neg. emotions
- replace with more realistic/+ beliefs
What are Behavioural Interventions based on?
- classical and operant conditioning learning principles
- assumes maladaptive behaviours can be unlearned
What is the behavioural intervention, ‘modelling’?
- learning a behaviour by observing and imitating others
- for anxieties/phobias
What is the key difference between Systematic Desensitisation and flooding?
- S.D. is gradual exposure in a maintained relaxed state
- Flooding is sudden/no escape until fear is overcome
What are the 3 parts of Stress Inoculation Training?
- Conceptualisation - understand stress/response
- Skills acquisition/rehearsal
- Application/follow through
What is the Bottom Up theory of Perception?
- physical characteristics of stimuli->specific perception
- brain presents whats there/doesn’t alter the input
What is the Top Down theory of Perception?
-combo of sensory experience and psychological constructs (expectance, past experience..) so provides a context to sensations
Name 4 ways perception is important in clinical consultations.
- attention needed for patients to perceive info accurately
- emotion e.g. depressed discount + outcomes
- expectations about illness can alter patients reaction
- motivation (patients will interpret info related to their needs)
- with elderly become less able to ignore irrelevant info
What is it called when foveally presented changes are not detected conciously? Why is the change not relayed to make you aware? What can this lead to e.g. in addicts?
- Intentional bias due to attentional bias (limited resource) attention is focused on concern-related cues
- can develop to a subconcious motivational bias
What is the pain theory nowadays?
-brain integrates sensory/emotional/cognitive inputs then generates output as a subjective experience of pain
What is persistant pain? Give 2 examples of what can it effect
- pain persisting beyond healing/3-6months
- ages the brain, decreases grey matter
- rewires the brain via attention bias (central sensitisation of neuronal signalling that elicits pain)
According to the Bio-Psycho-Social model of pain, give an example of treatment for pain targeting…
- bio:
- psycho:
- somatic
Bio-medications for sleep, pain, depression, anxiety
Psycho-CBT, counselling, ACT, mindfullness
Somatic-TENS, injection therapy, accupuncture, manipulation
What is ACT therapy?
focus on observing and being aware of thoughts/sensations. Change persons relationship to pain and modulate the experience/more tolerance.
