Psychology

Question 1

Safety Culture?

Answer 1

Edit

Question 2

Data Processing

Answer 2

Edit

Question 3

What is the Cocktail Party effect?

Answer 3

An internal filter mechanism that allows you to filter out unnecessary material and yet immediately respond to a specific stimuli. We are trained to react to these triggers eg: our own name, or our radio callsign etc

Question 4

What is bottom up and top down perception?

Answer 4

Bottom up = when you ar learning something new and have no previous experiences or expectations.

Top down = previous knowledge or experience of a topic influences what you see and learn. Results in cgnitive and confirmation bais.

WE SEE WHAT WE EXPECT TO SEE

Question 5

What can we store in Short term memory?

Answer 5

7 bits of new informartion (+/- 2), for between 10-20 seconds.

Question 6

Wha is semantic memory?

Answer 6

Long term memory for facts and information

Question 7

What is Episodic Memory?

Answer 7

long term memory for events and stories etc.

Question 8

Andersons motor-programme?

Answer 8

Cognitive Phase -must think how to solve a problem

Associative Phase - undertanding the process

Automatic Phase - No longer have to think, can just do it.

Question 9

SRK model?

Answer 9

Skill based behaviour - training and the manual handling.

Rule Based behaviour - following checklists and procedures

knoweldge based behaviour - New situations that need solving based on previous knowledge and experience.

Question 10

What is a violation?

Answer 10

Intentional deviation from SOPs or procedure. Not protected by the blameless safety culture - typcially punished.

sometimes violations are necessary when the situation truly demands it (non-standard situations)

Question 11

What is an action slip?

Answer 11

Correct decision but wrong action taken

Question 12

What is environmental capture?

Answer 12

habituation! Normalising potentially dangerous situations such as faulty equipment or unprofessionalism

Question 13

What is Error of Commission?

Answer 13

wrong procedure selected!

Question 14

What is confirmation bias?

Answer 14

a tendancy to favour information that supports your mental picture/hypothesis of a situation.

Question 15

What is situation awareness and the 3 stages?

Answer 15

The knowledge of everything you need, not to be surprised.

Perecption - seeing the situation

comprehension- understanding what the situation means/signifies

Projection - being able to predict how the situation will develop

SA is the basis for decision making

Question 16

Decision making: What is similarity matching?

Answer 16

using previous experience of a similar situation and applying it.

Question 17

Decision making: What is frequency gamling?

Answer 17

If no similar situations experiences, resorting to something else that could also work.

Question 18

Decision Making: What is FORDEC?

Answer 18

A decision making model:

Facts
Options
Risks and Benefits
Decide
Execute!
Check?

Question 19

The ideal pilot?

Answer 19

Sanguine!

Instead of : plegmatic, meloncholic or choleric.

Question 20

What are the dangerous attitudes of a pilot?

Answer 20

Anti-authority
Impulsive
Invulnerable
MACHO
Careless
Resignation

Question 21

Advantage and disadvantages of a team?

Answer 21

SYNERGY

Takes alot of time to make a decision

Question 22

What is diffusion of responsibility? aka bystander affect?

Answer 22

Phenomenom whereby a person is less likely to take responsbility for an action when others are present as they assume others will be more qualifed and so waits for instructions.

Question 23

Trans-cockpit-gradients?

Answer 23

Autrocratic = gradient too steep. generally avoided

Lassie-fair = no gradient. No heirarchy or authority.

Negative Cockpit = gradient is opposite. FO feels in authority.

Synergetic Cockpit = IDEAL. shallow gradient allows both pilots to speak up. Responsbility falls on captain.