Basic Concepts Flashcards
What is the rate of all accidents caused by human error?
70-80%
When were accdients mostly, technical? Human? Systematic/organisational?
technical: 50’s
human: 70’s
systematic/organisation: 2000’s+
What is the 1:600 ratio?
1 fatal accident for every 600 incidents
What is an active error?
an error performed with an immediate realisation and reversable consequence, such as pilot error.
What is Latent Error?
An undetecgted error within the system that can lay dorment until the right conditions active the error.
What is James Reason’s Swiss cheese model?
The idea that a potential accident slips through several vulnerble ‘security barriers’. When it has pass through them all, the accident occurs.
What is the Shell model? (Edwards 1972)
The Shell model examines the interface between humans and machines
S - software - the way information is presented eg: checklists
H- Hardware - How you interact with the machine ergonomically.
E - Environment - env factors affecting the human eg: noise, temp, weather etc.
L - Liveware - The pilot/human in the middle of the model
L- Liveware - The other humans than the pilot must interact with eg: ATC, cabin crew etc.
What phases of flight do most accidents occur?
taxi to climb and descent to taxi.
What is CFIT and what device has reduced this problem?
Controlled Flight into Terrain is when an aircraft is piloted rroniously into terrain.
GPWS - Ground Proximity Warning System has reduced this accidents significantly sinced the 80’s by giving the pilots an aural warning.
What is threat and error management?
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