Psychology Flashcards
Model in which uncontrollable life events lead to helplessness and depression
Seligman’s learned helplessness model
Model in which dysfunction core beliefs meshing with life events leads to depression
Beck’s cognitive model
Brain areas involved in depression
Hippocampus shrinks, anterior cingulate cortex is underactive in depressed episodes, amygdala is hyperactive.
Alzheimer’s pathology
Amyloid plaques consist of beta-amyloid from amyloid precursor protein.
Neurofibrillary tangles consist of tau.
Oxidative stress, brain inflammation and cerebrovascular disease may also be apparent.
Apraxia
Movement disorder in which there is difficulty performing purposeful movement or learning a new series of movements
Tasks to test iconic memory
Sperling’s whole report procedure, partial report procedure
Tasks to test STM
Sequence of numbers read out, subject asked to recall them in order.
Chunking
The process of combining bits of information together into meaningful units to increase absolute capacity of STM
Components of Baddeley and Hitch working memory model
Central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad.
Evidence for the phonological loop
Phonological similarity effect, word length effect, effect of articulatory suppression, unattended speech effect.
Tests of LTM
Test of retention of sequence of nonsense syllables after delays
Tests of implicit memory
Pursuit motor or mirror tracing tasks.
Test of semantic knowledge
Naming images, or identifying different images of the same object
Visual associative anomia
An inability to recognise a visually presented object despite good perception, and recognition using other modalities.
Anomia
An inability to name objects correctly (often use roundabout language instead).
