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Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of the mind and behavior.

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2
Q

Psychiatry

A

“A branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.”

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2
Q

Psychologists

A

People who study normal and abnormal behaviour, emotional responses, and mental processes; they do NOT prescribe medication.

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3
Q

Psychiatrists

A

Medical doctors who specialize in abnormal behavior

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4
Q

Four main branches

A

Behavioral
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Cognitive

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5
Q

Behavioral

A

Study and analysis of observable behavior.

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6
Q

Behavioral experiments

A

Pavlov’s dog
Little albert
Skinner box

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7
Q

Psychoanalytic

A

A branch of phycology that focuses on connections between unconscious mind and conscious behavior (Dreams, conflict, trauma)

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8
Q

Unconscious mind iceberg order

A

Conscious: Small amount of mental activity we know about

Subconscious: things we could be aware of if we tried

Unconscious: Things we will always be unaware of

Id: part of unconscious mind

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9
Q

Humanistic

A

Individuals are the best source of their own help and learning; people can unlock their full potential via their own beliefs and goals.

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10
Q

Cognitive

A

Mental processes of the brain and the link to behavior/desires/disorders

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11
Q

Maslow’s heirchy of needs

A

Self-actualization
Esteem
Love and belonging
Safety needs
Psychological needs

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12
Q

3 basic units of the brain

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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13
Q

Forebrain

A

processes sensory information, helps with reasoning and problem solving,

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14
Q

Midbrain

A

Helps to regulate movement and process auditory and visual information

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15
Q

4 lobes

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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15
Q

Hindbrain

A

Helps to regulate automatic functions like breathing, heartrate, sleep and wakefullness

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16
Q

Frontal

A

Controls reasoning, higher levels of thought, emotional regulation.

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17
Q

Parietal

A

Integrates information from body, vision and touch sensations.

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18
Q

Occipital

A

Where visual info is processed

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19
Q

Temporal

A

Important for language and hearing

left side is dominant with most and helps understand language

right involved in learning and remembering non verbal info

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20
Q

Dopamine

A

is a chemical that plays a critical role in the ‘reward centers’ of our brain

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21
Q

Neurons

A

The network of nerve cells that the human brain communicates through.

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22
Q

Myelin

A

Layer of fat that insulates brain cells, allowing for faster communication between brain cells

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23
Gray matter
Regions where actual information processing happens. (cell bodies) made of somas
24
White matter
Regions that provide communication between grey matter (myelin) made of axons
25
Can stress shrink brain?
Yes due to synapse pruning
26
What decreases gray matter volume?
Stressful life events
27
Left Hemisphere
Largely responsible for language, logic, memory, math and science, details, pattern recognition
28
Right Hemisphere
Largely responsible for visual skills drawing, feelings, spatial perception
29
Cerebellum
Responsible for motor skills
30
Corpus Callosum
A collection of connecting fibers that connect both halves of the brain. allows for communication.
31
Brain stem
Regulates breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
32
Hippocampus
Important for forming and storing memories
33
Amygdala
Important for emotional processing
34
When does brain damage occur???????????
When brain cells are destroyed and their functioning deteriorates over times
35
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
A very common form of BI, following physical trauma from external force
36
must vulnerable to brain injuries
Males 15-24
37
Most injuries cause brain damage to the
Focal
38
Dementia
Impaired ability to think, make decisions, remember.
39
Strokes
Occur when blood clots or other things block the blood supply to part of the brain, or when a blood vessel bursts
40
Human personality is the result of?
The ego's efforts to resolve conflicts between ID and Superego
41
The Ego
The rational part of the mind which operates on the reality principle. Often trying to suppress urges of id
41
ID
The instinctual part of the mind which operates on the pleasure principle
42
The Superego
The moral center of the mind. It acts as the mind's conscience.
43
The ID is completely --------
Unconscious
44
Defense mechanisms
unconscious strategies used by the ego to maintain self esteem.
45
Rationalization
Excuses we invent to explain failures or poor behavior.
46
Displacement
Redirecting unacceptable feelings from an original source to a safer target.
47
Repression
Pushing unpleasant feelings thoughts or memories into our unconscious.
48
Projection
Seeing your own negative traits in others, but not yourself.
49
Fantasy
Retreating into your own imagination to avoid stress or in order to achieve a goal.
50
Denial
Ignoring the unpleasant reality of a situation.
51
Sour Grapes
Form of rationalization Failing to reach a goal and convincing oneself it wasn't worth it
52
Regression
Reverting back to immature behaviors from earlier development when hitting large obstacles.
53
Stigma
A mark of disgrace that sets a person apart from others.
54
Self-Stigma
Negative attitudes and internalized shame that people with a mental illness have about their own condition
55
Public
When general public endorses a negative stereotype/prejudice, resulting in discrimination against those with mental health conditions
56
Institutional
Systemic, government and organizational polices that limit opportunities for people with mental illness - can be intentional or unintentional.
57
Old methods of "helping" with mental illness
Beaten out, Phlebotomy or bored out
58
Psychoanalysis - Techniques
Dream analysis, Transference
59
Desensitization
Slowly introducing a threatening stimulus to phobias until they are able to confront it full on
60
Flooding
Exposes client to feared object in large doses
61
Aversion Therapy
Client is given a negative/painful stimulus if they engage in harmful behavior
62
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Science (6 decks)

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