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Biodiversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cladistics

A

Process of organizing species into monophyletic groups

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2
Q

Taxon

A

A group that forms some unit (Kingdom, phylum, Domain)

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3
Q

Clade

A

A group with a single common ancestor

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4
Q

Common ancestor

A

The first species before evolutionary change

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5
Q

Speciation

A

The formation of a new and distinct species upon evoloution

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6
Q

Sister group

A

A pair of most closley related taxa on a cladagram

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7
Q

Synapomorphy

A

Shared trait

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8
Q

Paraphyletic

A

Common ancestor but not all decendents

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8
Q

Automorphy

A

Isolated trait

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9
Q

Polyphyletic

A

Many decendents, no common ancestor

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10
Q

Relatedness

A

The more recent common ancestor, the more related two groups

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11
Q

What is the hierarchy

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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12
Q

Aerobe

A

Lives in oxygen

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13
Q

Anaerobe

A

Lives without oxygen

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14
Q

Corona

A

Disolves, absorbs

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15
Q

Bacteria Phauge

A

Injects, phauge= eater

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16
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Diatoms like algae

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17
Q

Protista

A

Any eukaryote that isn’t fungi, plant, or animal

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18
Q

Plasmodium

A

Parasite that causes malaria, infects red blood cells in liver

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19
Q

Plankton

A

Free floating living things

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20
Q

Zooplankton

A

Protists (rotifers) and animals (jellyfish)

21
Q

Membrane infolding

A

Make golgi and ER

22
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

Make mitochondrion and chloroplasts

23
Q

Phylogony

A

Common evoloutionary link for trait (Dolphins and humans nurture young)

24
Q

Morphology

A

Common function link for trait

25
Q

Monophyletic

A

Common ancestor and decendent

26
Q

Autotroph

A

Makes food/energy

27
Q

Heterotroph

A

Eats others for food

28
Q

Facultative

A

Capable of existing in areas with an abundance and lack of oxygen

29
Q

Obligate

A

Can either survive with oxygen or without, not both

30
Q

Virus

A

A non living species that is host dependent

31
Q

Structural Diversity

A

The range of different landscapes within a habitat

31
Q

Endospore

A

allows the bacterium to produce a dormant and highly resistant cell to preserve the cell’s genetic material in times of extreme stress

31
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Forms on cell walls to protect it from osmotic disruption

32
Q

True clade

A

A group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its decendents

33
Q

Three levels of biodiversity

A

Species, Genetic, Ecosystem

33
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variation of life on earth

34
Q

Species

A

Refers to numbers and kinds of living organisms

35
Q

Genetics

A

The genetic variation within the population of a species

36
Q

Ecosystem

A

Variety of habitats and biological communities

37
Q

3 shapes of bacteria

A

Bacillus (rod), coccus (sphere), spirillum (spiral)

38
Q

Lytic cycle

A

-Active
-produces more viral particles

39
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A

-Dormant
-No new viral particles produced

40
Q

Vaccine

A

Simulate immune system to make it ready for the real virus

41
Q

How long ago was archea

A

3 bil years

42
Q

How long ago was Eubacteria

A

2 bil years

43
Q

How long ago was protist

A

1 bil years

44
Q

Archea

A

-No peptidoglycan in cell walls
-Complex, inhabit extreme envirements

45
Q

Eubacteria

A

-Peptidoglycan in cell walls

46
Q

Brown algae

A

Multicellular only

CHlorophyll A,c

47
Q

Red algae

A

Uni and multticellular

Chlorophyll a,d

48
Q

Green algae

A

Uni and multicelluar

Chlorophyll a,b

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