Psychology

Question 1

Motor Symptoms

Answer 1

Slower Movement and Unstable Posture

Question 2

Non - Motor Symptoms

Answer 2

Speech, Loss of smell or Mental Health Problems

Question 3

Healthy Neuron

Answer 3

Myelin Sheath and no fibre showing

Question 4

Neuron affect by MS

Answer 4

Fibre showing and damaged myelin

Question 5

Neurogenerative Disorder Definition

Answer 5

Neurons die progressively over time worsening the conditions

Question 6

Neurological Disorder Definition

Answer 6

Umbrella term used to categorise any
disease causing damage to or malfunction of the nervous
system

Question 7

Neurons are …

Answer 7

Are the building block of nervous system.

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Receive neuronal messages

Question 9

Myelin

Answer 9

Insulates the neuron and prevents disturbances from other neurons

Question 10

Axon Terminals

Answer 10

Sends neuronal messages to the next neuron

Question 11

Difference between Synapse and Synapse Gap

Answer 11

Synapse: Refers to the entire junction
Synapse Gap: Refers to the tiny space between two nerve cells
or neurons

Question 12

Factors that affect adaptive plasticity:

Answer 12

Sprouting - New branches on dendrites
Rerouting - Connection to another damaged neuron

Question 13

Difference between supervised learning and unsupervised learning

Answer 13

Supervised - Program is shown labelled data
Unsupervised- Algorithm is used but they are used to find patterns in data that is not labelled

Question 14

Gut - Brain Axis:

Answer 14

Bidirectional Relationship, communicate
through the enteric nervous system

Question 15

Machine Learning Definition

Answer 15

Form of Artificial Intelligence that lets
software learn patterns in human learning to predict outcomes.

Question 16

Gut and Brain Axis Definition

Answer 16

Bidirectional Relationship, communicate through the enteric nervous system

Question 17

Monism and Dualism Difference

Answer 17

Monism - The belief that the human mind and body are together in a singular complete entity.
Dualism - The belief that the human mind and body are separate and distinguishable from one another

Question 18

How to Maintain brain functioning

Answer 18

Social Support, Physical Activity, Diet and Mental Stimulation

Question 19

Gut - Brain Axis and Parkinson’s Disease Treatment:

Answer 19

• Fecal Microbiota
• Mice Studie

Question 20

Gut - Brain Axis and Epilepsy Treatment:

Answer 20

• Ketogenic Diet
• Vagus Nerve Stimulator

Question 21

Split Brain -

Answer 21

Split brain: Where the two halves of the cerebral cortex are severed through the only part that connects them, the corpus callosum.

Question 22

Split Brain Left and right hemisphere-

Answer 22

The left hemisphere: Responsible for the
organisation or language expression and
comprehension.
The right hemisphere: Involved in language
comprehension to some degree but the left
hemisphere is dominant in its expression

Question 23

Functional Neuroimaging Techniques

Answer 23

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Scanning device to take coloured
images of the brain showing its
functional activity by tracing the levels of radio.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) Same methods as an MRI to obtain detail 2D and 3D brain functions and activity but is also able to trace brain function and activity tracing oxygen levels

Question 24

Functional Neuroimaging Techniques:

Answer 24

Computerised Tomography (CT)
Takes continuous 2 dimensional X-ray images of the brain which are stacked to create a comprehensive 3 dimensional image of the brain.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Uses magnetic and radio fuels to take 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional images of the brain

Question 25

Neuroplasticity -

Answer 25

The ability of the brain to change in response to experience or environment stimulation

Question 26

Development Plasticity -

Answer 26

Ageing and the learning associated with maturation.

Question 27

Adaptive Plasticity -

Answer 27

Adapt such as in response to brain trauma and injury

Question 28

Synaptogenesis -

Answer 28

Formation of synapses between neurons as axon terminals and dendrites grow.

Question 29

Synaptic Pruning -

Answer 29

Which is the elimination of underused synapses

Question 30

Myelination -

Answer 30

Formation and development of myelin around the axon of a neuron.

Question 31

Acquired Brain injury -

Answer 31

All types of brain injuries that occur after birth

Question 32

Biological Functioning -

Answer 32

Observed through changes in behaviour. Seizures

Question 33

Psychological Functioning -

Answer 33

Observed through changes in cognition, behaviour and emotions. Memory Loss

Question 34

Social Functioning -

Answer 34

Observed through changes in relationships. Antisocial behaviours

Question 35

Cerebral Hemisphere

Answer 35

Left Hemisphere: Controls right side of the brain and receives sensory information from the right side. Verbal functions, Analytical Functions Left - Logic - Language Right Hemisphere: Controls the left side of the brain and receives sensory information from the left side. Facial Recognition, Creative Thinking and Recognises emotions from facial cues

Question 36

Brain 3 parts

Answer 36

Hindbrain (bottom/base) Consists of the Cerebellum, Medulla and Pons Midbrain Consists of the Reticular Formation and Reticular Formation - RAS Forebrain (Front) Consists of the Hypothalamus, Thalamus and Cerebrum

Question 37

Broca and Wernicke area meaning

Answer 37

Broca’s Area: Production of speech Wernicke’s Area: Comprehension of speech

Question 38

Parts of the brain left around to right

Answer 38

Frontal Lobe (Moving), Pre Motor Cortex, Primary Motor Cortex, Primary Somatosensory Cortex, Parietal Lobe (Focusing), Occipital Lobe (memory formation), Primary Visual Cortex, Wernicke Area, Primary Auditory Cortex, Temporal Lobe (Speaking), Pre Frontal Cortex, Broca Area

Question 39

Types of Traumatic Brain Injury

Answer 39

Direct impact injury Acceleration - Deceleration Injury Blast Injury

Question 40

CTE Meaning

Answer 40

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy fatal brain disease associated with repeated brain injuries and concussions.

Question 41

CTE Symptoms

Answer 41

Very Mild - Headache and loss of attention Mild - Depression and Mood swings Moderate - Executive Dysfunction and memory loss Severe - Dementia and language difficulties.

Question 42

Diagnosing CTE

Answer 42

Only post mortem when build up of p-tau in regions of the brain, brainstem, hippocampus, frontal lobe and temporal lobe

Question 43

Treatment of CTE

Answer 43

No treatment but medication can be used to manage symptoms .

Question 44

CTE Prevention

Answer 44

No Prevention other then some strategies such as proper rest and recovery time after concussion.

Question 45

Brain Hypothesis

Answer 45

Brain was the source of all thoughts, feelings and behaviours

Question 46

Heart Hypothesis

Answer 46

Heart was the source of all thoughts, feelings and behaviours, brain had no purpose at all.

Question 47

Ablation

Answer 47

Removing or destroying parts of the brain and then examining the changes in a person as a result of the damage.

Question 48

Hindbrain consists of

Answer 48

Cerebellum, Medulla and Pons

Question 49

Midbrain consists of

Answer 49

Reticular Formation and Reticular Formation (RAS)

Question 50

Forebrain consists of

Answer 50

Hypothalamus, Thalamus and Cerebrum

Question 51

Cerebellum is

Answer 51

Muscle movements, balance, speaking learning and memory. Damage results in difficulty coordinating muscle control in everyday activities, balanced problems and Speech difficulties.