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Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Motor Symptoms

A

Slower Movement and Unstable Posture

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2
Q

Non - Motor Symptoms

A

Speech, Loss of smell or Mental Health Problems

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3
Q

Healthy Neuron

A

Myelin Sheath and no fibre showing

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4
Q

Neuron affect by MS

A

Fibre showing and damaged myelin

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5
Q

Neurogenerative Disorder Definition

A

Neurons die progressively over time worsening the conditions

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6
Q

Neurological Disorder Definition

A

Umbrella term used to categorise any
disease causing damage to or malfunction of the nervous
system

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7
Q

Neurons are …

A

Are the building block of nervous system.

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8
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive neuronal messages

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9
Q

Myelin

A

Insulates the neuron and prevents disturbances from other neurons

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10
Q

Axon Terminals

A

Sends neuronal messages to the next neuron

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11
Q

Difference between Synapse and Synapse Gap

A

Synapse: Refers to the entire junction
Synapse Gap: Refers to the tiny space between two nerve cells
or neurons

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12
Q

Factors that affect adaptive plasticity:

A

Sprouting - New branches on dendrites
Rerouting - Connection to another damaged neuron

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13
Q

Difference between supervised learning and unsupervised learning

A

Supervised - Program is shown labelled data
Unsupervised- Algorithm is used but they are used to find patterns in data that is not labelled

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14
Q

Gut - Brain Axis:

A

Bidirectional Relationship, communicate
through the enteric nervous system

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15
Q

Machine Learning Definition

A

Form of Artificial Intelligence that lets
software learn patterns in human learning to predict outcomes.

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16
Q

Gut and Brain Axis Definition

A

Bidirectional Relationship, communicate through the enteric nervous system

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17
Q

Monism and Dualism Difference

A

Monism - The belief that the human mind and body are together in a singular complete entity.
Dualism - The belief that the human mind and body are separate and distinguishable from one another

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18
Q

How to Maintain brain functioning

A

Social Support, Physical Activity, Diet and Mental Stimulation

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19
Q

Gut - Brain Axis and Parkinson’s Disease Treatment:

A
  • Fecal Microbiota
  • Mice Studie
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20
Q

Gut - Brain Axis and Epilepsy Treatment:

A
  • Ketogenic Diet
  • Vagus Nerve Stimulator
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21
Q

Split Brain -

A

Split brain: Where the two halves of the cerebral cortex are severed through the only part that connects them, the corpus callosum.

22
Q

Split Brain Left and right hemisphere-

A

The left hemisphere: Responsible for the
organisation or language expression and
comprehension.
The right hemisphere: Involved in language
comprehension to some degree but the left
hemisphere is dominant in its expression

23
Q

Functional Neuroimaging Techniques

A

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Scanning device to take coloured
images of the brain showing its
functional activity by tracing the levels of radio.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) Same methods as an MRI to obtain detail 2D and 3D brain functions and activity but is also able to trace brain function and activity tracing oxygen levels

24
Q

Functional Neuroimaging Techniques:

A

Computerised Tomography (CT)
Takes continuous 2 dimensional X-ray images of the brain which are stacked to create a comprehensive 3 dimensional image of the brain.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Uses magnetic and radio fuels to take 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional images of the brain

25
Q

Neuroplasticity -

A

The ability of the brain to change in
response to experience or environment stimulation

26
Q

Development Plasticity -

A

Ageing and the learning associated with maturation.

27
Q

Adaptive Plasticity -

A

Adapt such as in response to brain
trauma and injury

28
Q

Synaptogenesis -

A

Formation of synapses between neurons as axon terminals and dendrites grow.

29
Q

Synaptic Pruning -

A

Which is the elimination of underused
synapses

30
Q

Myelination -

A

Formation and development of myelin around the axon of a neuron.

31
Q

Acquired Brain injury -

A

All types of brain injuries that occur
after birth

32
Q

Biological Functioning -

A

Observed through changes in
behaviour. Seizures

33
Q

Psychological Functioning -

A

Observed through changes in
cognition, behaviour and emotions. Memory Loss

34
Q

Social Functioning -

A

Observed through changes in relationships. Antisocial behaviours

35
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere

A

Left Hemisphere:
Controls right side of the brain
and receives sensory information
from the right side. Verbal
functions, Analytical Functions Left - Logic - Language
Right Hemisphere:
Controls the left side of the brain and receives sensory information from the left side.
Facial Recognition, Creative Thinking and Recognises emotions from facial cues

36
Q

Brain 3 parts

A

Hindbrain (bottom/base)
Consists of the Cerebellum, Medulla and Pons
Midbrain
Consists of the Reticular Formation and Reticular Formation - RAS
Forebrain (Front)
Consists of the Hypothalamus, Thalamus and Cerebrum

37
Q

Broca and Wernicke area meaning

A

Broca’s Area: Production of speech
Wernicke’s Area: Comprehension of speech

38
Q

Parts of the brain left around to right

A

Frontal Lobe (Moving), Pre Motor Cortex, Primary Motor Cortex, Primary Somatosensory Cortex, Parietal Lobe (Focusing), Occipital Lobe (memory formation), Primary Visual Cortex, Wernicke Area, Primary Auditory Cortex, Temporal Lobe (Speaking), Pre Frontal Cortex, Broca Area

39
Q

Types of Traumatic Brain Injury

A

Direct impact injury
Acceleration - Deceleration Injury
Blast Injury

40
Q

CTE Meaning

A

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy fatal brain disease associated with repeated brain injuries and concussions.

41
Q

CTE Symptoms

A

Very Mild - Headache and loss of attention
Mild - Depression and Mood swings
Moderate - Executive Dysfunction and memory loss
Severe - Dementia and language difficulties.

42
Q

Diagnosing CTE

A

Only post mortem when build up of p-tau in regions of the brain, brainstem, hippocampus, frontal lobe and temporal lobe

43
Q

Treatment of CTE

A

No treatment but medication can be used to manage symptoms .

44
Q

CTE Prevention

A

No Prevention other then some strategies such as proper rest and recovery time after concussion.

45
Q

Brain Hypothesis

A

Brain was the source of all thoughts, feelings and behaviours

46
Q

Heart Hypothesis

A

Heart was the source of all thoughts, feelings and behaviours, brain had no purpose at all.

47
Q

Ablation

A

Removing or destroying parts of the brain and then examining the changes in a person as a result of the damage.

48
Q

Hindbrain consists of

A

Cerebellum, Medulla and Pons

49
Q

Midbrain consists of

A

Reticular Formation and Reticular Formation (RAS)

50
Q

Forebrain consists of

A

Hypothalamus, Thalamus and Cerebrum

51
Q

Cerebellum is

A

Muscle movements, balance, speaking learning and memory. Damage results in difficulty coordinating muscle control in everyday activities, balanced problems and Speech difficulties.

Psychology (2 decks)

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