PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

is defined as the scientific study of behavior
and mental processes.

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

Scientific psychology was borne of the idea that mind
and behavior could be the subject of scientific analysis.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

established the first psychological
laboratory and relied heavily on introspection in his
experiments.

Answer 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 4

Is derived from the Greek words psyche and logos,
meaning soul and study

Answer 4

Psychology

Question 5

Psychology is a science

Answer 5

True

Question 6

refers activities that can be observed
objectively, such as the reactions of the muscles and the
glands, as well as the organized patterns of responses as
a whole.

Answer 6

Behaviour

Question 7

-It also includes internal processes such as thinking,
feeling and other reactions which cannot be directly
observed but can be inferred from external behaviour.

Answer 7

Behaviour

Question 8

-It may be classified as overt or covert and intrinsic or
extrinsic behaviour

Answer 8

Behaviour

Question 9

Structuralism (1875-1930)

Answer 9

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener.

Question 10

“Mind is made up of building blocks in the rocks in the form of various
types of sensation and perception, and that these building
blocks could be discovered through introspection or
looking into one’s own mind.”

Answer 10

Structuralism (1875-1930) (1875-1930)
< Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener.

Question 11

the analysis of
mental structures mental structure

Answer 11

STRUCTURALISM - E.B. Titchener

Question 12

studying how the
mind works so that an organism can
adapt to and function in its environment

Answer 12

FUNCTIONALISM -William James

Question 13

• study of behavior
  without reference to consciousness

Answer 13

BEHAVIORISM - James Watson

Question 14

• focuses on
  the patterns formed by stimuli and on the
  organization of experience

Answer 14

GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY - Max Wertheirmer,
Kurt Koffka,
Wolfgang Kohler

Question 15

emphasizes the
role of unconscious processes in
personality development & motivation

Answer 15

PSYCHOANALYSIS - Sigmund Freud

Question 16

Its main leaders were William James, Stanley Hall,
James McKeen Cattell, James R. Angell, John Dewey and
Harvey Carr.

Answer 16

Functionalism (1890-1930)

Question 17

The most important contribution of functionalism was
changing the focus of psychology to learning, motivation,
and thinking and veered away from the structuralists’
emphasis on individual perception and sensations.

Answer 17

Functionalism (1890-1930)

Question 18

a famous physician and psychiatrist,
attempted to find the cause and cure of personality
disorders. He postulated on the existence of unconscious
mental processes which influenced an individual’s
behaviour in various indirect ways.

Answer 18

Sigmund Freud, Psychoanalysis (1900-present)

Question 19

His method of treatment, called “psychoanalysis”,
emphasizes free association. This is letting the patient
freely associate on his thoughts and experiences, and with
the help of the psychiatrist, analyzes the causes of his
difficulty.

Answer 19

Sigmund Freud, Psychoanalysis (1900-present)

Question 20

He argued that the psychologist should use only
objective methods and that their observations and
measurements should be in form which could be checked
and verified by other psychologists.

Answer 20

Behaviourism (1913-present)
< The school of behaviourism was founded by John B.
Watson.

Question 21

maintained
that psychology should study the whole pattern of
behaviour or experience or the perception of organized
configuration.
< Its fundamental principle states that the whole is more
than the sum of all its parts.

Answer 21

Gestalt (1912-1940) - In 1912, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler, and Max
Wertheimer

Question 22

emphasized the
unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom of
choice and decision making, as well as their potential for
personal growth.

Answer 22

Humanistic (1950-present)
< Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 23

focused on thought and mental processes. Human
behaviour cannot be fully understood without analyzing
how people acquire, store and process information.

Answer 23

Cognitive (1950-present)
< Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Herbert Simon

Question 24

theorized that much of
human and animal behaviour can be explained in terms of
bodily structure and biochemical processes

Answer 24

Biological (1950-present)
James Olds and Roger Sperry

Question 25

believed that objects, movement and
behaviour have a definite purpose and that the ductless
glands in people produce hormones which give them
purpose

Answer 25

Purposivism
< William McDougall