PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
is defined as the scientific study of behavior
and mental processes.
Psychology
Scientific psychology was borne of the idea that mind
and behavior could be the subject of scientific analysis.
True
established the first psychological
laboratory and relied heavily on introspection in his
experiments.
Wilhelm Wundt
Is derived from the Greek words psyche and logos,
meaning soul and study
Psychology
Psychology is a science
True
refers activities that can be observed
objectively, such as the reactions of the muscles and the
glands, as well as the organized patterns of responses as
a whole.
Behaviour
-It also includes internal processes such as thinking,
feeling and other reactions which cannot be directly
observed but can be inferred from external behaviour.
Behaviour
-It may be classified as overt or covert and intrinsic or
extrinsic behaviour
Behaviour
Structuralism (1875-1930)
Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener.
“Mind is made up of building blocks in the rocks in the form of various
types of sensation and perception, and that these building
blocks could be discovered through introspection or
looking into one’s own mind.”
Structuralism (1875-1930) (1875-1930)
< Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener.
the analysis of
mental structures mental structure
STRUCTURALISM - E.B. Titchener
studying how the
mind works so that an organism can
adapt to and function in its environment
FUNCTIONALISM -William James
- study of behavior
without reference to consciousness
BEHAVIORISM - James Watson
- focuses on
the patterns formed by stimuli and on the
organization of experience
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY - Max Wertheirmer,
Kurt Koffka,
Wolfgang Kohler
emphasizes the
role of unconscious processes in
personality development & motivation
PSYCHOANALYSIS - Sigmund Freud
Its main leaders were William James, Stanley Hall,
James McKeen Cattell, James R. Angell, John Dewey and
Harvey Carr.
Functionalism (1890-1930)
The most important contribution of functionalism was
changing the focus of psychology to learning, motivation,
and thinking and veered away from the structuralists’
emphasis on individual perception and sensations.
Functionalism (1890-1930)
a famous physician and psychiatrist,
attempted to find the cause and cure of personality
disorders. He postulated on the existence of unconscious
mental processes which influenced an individual’s
behaviour in various indirect ways.
Sigmund Freud, Psychoanalysis (1900-present)
His method of treatment, called “psychoanalysis”,
emphasizes free association. This is letting the patient
freely associate on his thoughts and experiences, and with
the help of the psychiatrist, analyzes the causes of his
difficulty.
Sigmund Freud, Psychoanalysis (1900-present)
He argued that the psychologist should use only
objective methods and that their observations and
measurements should be in form which could be checked
and verified by other psychologists.
Behaviourism (1913-present)
< The school of behaviourism was founded by John B.
Watson.
maintained
that psychology should study the whole pattern of
behaviour or experience or the perception of organized
configuration.
< Its fundamental principle states that the whole is more
than the sum of all its parts.
Gestalt (1912-1940) - In 1912, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler, and Max
Wertheimer
emphasized the
unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom of
choice and decision making, as well as their potential for
personal growth.
Humanistic (1950-present)
< Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
focused on thought and mental processes. Human
behaviour cannot be fully understood without analyzing
how people acquire, store and process information.
Cognitive (1950-present)
< Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Herbert Simon
theorized that much of
human and animal behaviour can be explained in terms of
bodily structure and biochemical processes
Biological (1950-present)
James Olds and Roger Sperry
