Psychology

Question 1

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 1

tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation.

Question 2

Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon

Answer 2

persuasion of one person by another person encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase a larger item.

Question 3

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer 3

psychological discomfort that arises from a conflict in a person’s behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to one’s positive self-perception.

Question 4

Conformity

Answer 4

when individuals change their behavior to go along with the group even if they do not agree with the group.

Question 5

Asch’s Experiment

Answer 5

the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgement.

Question 6

Obedience

Answer 6

the change of an individual’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure.

Question 7

Milgram’s Experiment

Answer 7

an experiment where participants were delivered imaginary electrical shocks.

Question 8

Social Facilitation

Answer 8

a psychological concept relating to the tendency for the pressure of others to improve a person’s performance on a task. While this might seem like a straightforward definition, it is actually a very complex concept with many nuances.

Question 9

Deindividuation

Answer 9

group situation in which a person may feel a sense of anonymity and a resulting reduction in accountability and sense of self.

Question 10

Group Polarization

Answer 10

strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within a group.

Question 11

Group Think

Answer 11

tendency to prioritize group cohesion over critical thinking that might lead to poor decision making; more likely to occur when there is perceived unanimity among the group.

Question 12

Prejudice

Answer 12

a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group.

Question 13

Stereotype

Answer 13

a specific belief or assumption about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics.

Question 14

Just-World Phenomenon

Answer 14

the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve.

Question 15

Ingroup

Answer 15

a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.

Question 16

Ingroup Bias

Answer 16

preference for our own group over other groups.

Question 17

Outgroup

Answer 17

a group that we don’t belong to-one that we view as fundamentally different from us.

Question 18

Scapegoating

Answer 18

act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experience frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

Question 19

Altruism

Answer 19

humans’ desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping.

Question 20

Bystander Effect

Answer 20

the situation in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress.