Abnormal Psychology

Question 1

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 1

A disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities.

Question 2

Humanistic perspective

Answer 2

A perspective that focuses on the positive image of what it means to be human.

Question 3

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 3

Offering compassion to people even if they have done something wrong.

Question 4

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 4

It indicates that people’s emotions, thoughts, behavior, and body sensations are linked to each other and that whatever people they think affects how they feel.

Question 5

Basic irrational assumptions

Answer 5

The inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems.

Question 6

Metacognitive theory

Answer 6

Developed by the researcher Adrian Wells, suggests that people with generalized anxiety disorder simplicity hold both positive and negative beliefs about worrying. On the positive side, they believe that worrying is a useful way of appraising and coping with threats in life.

Question 7

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 7

Social anxiety disorder is a severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations where embarrassment may occur.

Question 8

Panic disorder

Answer 8

An anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks.

Question 9

Obsession

Answer 9

A persistent thought, idea, impulse, or image that is experienced repeatedly, feels intrusive and causes anxiety.

Question 10

Compulsion

Answer 10

A repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that a person feels driven to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety.

Question 11

Exposure Therapy

Answer 11

Treatment in which people are exposed to objects or situations they dread.

Question 12

HPA Pathway

Answer 12

Activation of the HPA axis causes the secretion of glucocorticoids, which act on multiple organ systems to redirect energy resources to meet real or anticipated demand.

Question 13

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

Answer 13

One route by which the brain and body produce arousal

Question 14

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 14

A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms long after a traumatic event.

Question 15

“Stress Circuits” In the brain

Answer 15

Amygdala, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, insula, and hippocampus.

Question 16

Virtual reality therapy

Answer 16

A computer-based treatment that is well known for the treatment of phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). VRET uses cutting-edge technology to stimulate real-life situations and experiences for patients and works by creating controlled environments where patients can confront their fears and phobias in a safe setting, such as a therapist’s office or at home using teletherapy. Essentially, clients are immersed in a virtual setting or experience they are struggling with.

Question 17

Dissociative disorders

Answer 17

Disorders marked by major changes in memory that do not have clear physical causes.

Question 18

Memory

Answer 18

The faculty for recalling past events and past learning.

Question 19

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 19

A disorder marked by an inability to recall important events and information.

Question 20

Dissociative Fugue

Answer 20

A form of dissociative amnesia in which a person travels to a new location and may assume a new identity, simultaneously forgetting their past.

Question 21

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 21

A dissociative disorder in which a person develops two or more distinct personalities. Also known as multiple personality disorder.

Question 22

Subpersonalities

Answer 22

The two or more distinct personalities are found in individuals suffering from dissociative identity disorder. Also known as alternate personalities.

Question 23

State-dependent learning

Answer 23

Learning becomes associated with the conditions under which it occurred so that it is best remembered under the same conditions.

Question 24

Learned helplessness

Answer 24

Occurs when a person who has experienced repeated challenges comes to believe they have no control over their situation. They then give up trying to make changes and accept their fate.

Question 25

Perseveration