psychology

Question 1

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

rest and digest
pupil and bronchi constriction, slows heartbeat, stimulates digestion

Question 2

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

fight or flight
pupil dilation, accelerates heartbeat, sweating, adrenaline, inhibits bladder and digestion, stimulates glucose

Question 3

thalamus function

Answer 3

relays sensory info

Question 4

hypothalamus function

Answer 4

homeostasis, endocrine system

Question 5

amygdala function

Answer 5

fear and aggression

Question 6

hippocampus function

Answer 6

memory

Question 7

bottom-up processing

Answer 7

data-driven
object recognition by parallel processing, feature detection

Question 8

top-down processing

Answer 8

conceptually-driven
recognition by memory and expectation with little attention to detail

Question 9

gestalt principles

Answer 9

brain can infer missing parts of an image when it is incomplete

Question 10

habituation

Answer 10

becoming used to a stimulus

Question 11

dishabituation

Answer 11

second stimulus intervenes, causes resensitization to original stimulus

Question 12

classical conditioning

Answer 12

neutral stimulus becomes associated with unconditioned stimulus
neutral stimulus becomes conditioned

Question 13

operant conditioning

Answer 13

frequency of a behavior is modified using reinforcement or punishment

Question 14

awake stage EEG waves

Answer 14

beta and alpha
process, perceive, access, express info

Question 15

EEG waves light sleep

Answer 15

theta

Question 16

EEG waves slow-wave sleep and dreams

Answer 16

delta
[D = dreams, delta]

Question 17

EEG waves REM

Answer 17

beta
appears physiologically awake

Question 18

episodic memory

Answer 18

events and experiences

Question 19

semantic memory

Answer 19

facts and concepts

Question 20

procedural memory

Answer 20

skills, tasks

Question 21

frontal lobe function

Answer 21

executive function, impulse control, planning, speech production (Broca’s area)

Question 22

parietal lobe funtion

Answer 22

sensation, spacial processing and orientation

Question 23

occipital lobe function

Answer 23

visual processing

Question 24

temporal lobe function

Answer 24

sound processing (auditory cortex)
speech perception (wernicke’s area)
emotion (limbic system)

Question 25

acetylcholine

Answer 25

voluntary muscle control, PNS, attention and alertness

Question 26

epinephrine, norepinephrine

Answer 26

fight or flight

Question 27

dopamine

Answer 27

smooth movements, posture

Question 28

serotonin

Answer 28

mood, sleep, eating, dreaming

Question 29

GABA

Answer 29

brain "stabilization"

Question 30

endorphins

Answer 30

natural painkillers

Question 31

gestalt principles

Answer 31

brain can infer missing parts of image

Question 32

positive reinforcement

Answer 32

stimulus added, behavior continues

Question 33

negative reinforcement

Answer 33

stimulus removed, behavior continues

Question 34

positive punishment

Answer 34

stimulus added, behavior stops

Question 35

negative punishment

Answer 35

stimulus removed, behavior stops

Question 36

James-Lange

Answer 36

first response: nervous system arousal second response: conscious emotion

Question 37

cannon-bard

Answer 37

first response: nervous system + conscious emotion second response: action

Question 38

stages of general adaptation syndrome

Answer 38

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 39

ID

Answer 39

sexual, aggressive drives

Question 40

ego

Answer 40

realistic, mediates ID and superego

Question 41

superego

Answer 41

moral conscience

Question 42

social facilitation

Answer 42

tendency to perform at a different level when others are around

Question 43

groupthink

Answer 43

making decisions based on ideas/solutions that arise within the group, no consideration of outside ideas

Question 44

cultural assimilation

Answer 44

one culture melts into another

Question 45

socialization

Answer 45

developing/spreading norms, customs, beliefs

Question 46

cultural relativism

Answer 46

studying social groups, cultures on their own terms

Question 47

social constructionism

Answer 47

how individuals and groups make decisions to agree upon given social reality

Question 48

stimulant examples and function

Answer 48

amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy increased arousal

Question 49

depressants examples and function

Answer 49

alcohol, barbituates, benzos relaxation, reduced anxiety

Question 50

opiates/opiods examples and function

Answer 50

heroin, morphine, pain meds decreased pain, euphoria

Question 51

hallucinogens examples and function

Answer 51

LSD, ketamine, mushrooms, mescaline distortion of reality

Question 52

piaget: sensorimotor stage

Answer 52

first stage (0-2) gathering info via senses object permanence

Question 53

piaget: preoperational stage

Answer 53

second stage (2-7) pretend play egocentric

Question 54

piaget: concrete operational

Answer 54

third stage (7-11) empathy, math skills, concrete/real events

Question 55

piaget: formal operational

Answer 55

fourth stage (12+) logic about abstracts, hypotheticals

Question 56

availability heuristic

Answer 56

examples that come to mind (quick, easy, accessible)

Question 57

representativeness heuristic

Answer 57

most representative answer, fits prototype

Question 58

mediating variable

Answer 58

explains the association between two other variables through a causal relationship

Question 59

moderating variable

Answer 59

modulates the intensity of a certain relationship

Question 60

confounding variable

Answer 60

extraneous variable that is related to BOTH the dependent and independent variables.

Question 61

thyroid gland hormones

Answer 61

T3, T4, calcitonin

Question 62

anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 62

flat peg

Question 63

posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 63

stores hormones produced by hypothalamus oxytocin, ADH

Question 64

adrenal cortex hormones

Answer 64

aldosterone and cortisol

Question 65

adrenal medulla hormones

Answer 65

epi, norepi

Question 66

meritocracy

Answer 66

economic goods or political power are vested in individual people based on ability and talent, rather than wealth or social class

Question 67

psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory of personality

Answer 67

ID, ego, superego

Question 68

humanistic perspective of personality

Answer 68

free will determines behavior people strive to self-actualize: real vs ideal self can lead to defensive behavior

Question 69

social cognitive perspective

Answer 69

thinking, judging lead to personality development

Question 70

trait perspective

Answer 70

common traits that each individual exhibits to some degree

Question 71

social loafing

Answer 71

putting less effort in when with a group

Question 72

cognitive dissonance

Answer 72

the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change

Question 73

fundamental attribution error

Answer 73

overemphasizing personal characteristics not emphasizing situation when judging others

Question 74

group polarization

Answer 74

tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members