Psychology 1 - SPD

Question 1

Give a study about stereotyping

Answer 1

Rubin et al.

To find out if new parents stereotype their babies

Parents asked to describe within 24 hours of birth

Boys described alert and strong and girls described soft and delicate

Parents stereotype babies from early age even though no stereotypical behaviour is shown

Question 2

Evaluate the stereotyping study

Answer 2

Assumptions could be based on appearance of baby

Could be lying to make baby seem like it is acting as it should

Question 3

What is prejudice?

Answer 3

Sets of rules we assume people from certain groups are like

Question 4

What is discrimination?

Answer 4

Treating different groups of people unequally which is usually due to prejudice

Question 5

Give a study about prejudice in young children

Answer 5

Barrett & Short (1992)

To look at the development of prejudice in young children

Researchers interviewed 216 English children aged 5 to 10 on their opinions of people from different European countries

More positive views to French and less positive to German

At a young age, children already hold prejudiced views to other nationalities

Question 6

What is a stereotype?

Answer 6

A generalised set of ideas we have about a group of people

Question 7

Evaluate the study about prejudice in young children

Answer 7

They took a large sample size so results can be generalised

If children had foreign relatives, they would have more positive views to that nationality

Question 8

What is authoritarian personality?

Answer 8

Personality type where the person is prone to holding prejudiced views

Question 9

What is the F-Scale?

Answer 9

Questionnaire used by Adorno to measure personality characteristics

Question 10

Give a study into authoritarian personality

Answer 10

Adorno (1950)

To see if there is a relationship between a person’s personality type and prejudiced beliefs

Hundreds of people were tested using the F-Scale

They found a relationship between personality type and prejudiced views

People with authoritarian personality are likely to be prejudiced towards others

Question 11

Evaluate the study about authoritarian personality

Answer 11

It doesn’t explain why some people are prejudiced more than others
Done in America, can’t be generalised

Question 12

Give a study about competition and prejudice

Answer 12

Sherif (1961)

To find out if prejudice develops between groups competing for scarce resources

22 boys, 2 groups, groups not aware of each other, time to create group identity, 2 groups discovered, competition for silver cup

Began unpleasant name-calling and tried to attack each other

Competition is a cause of prejudice

Question 13

Evaluate the study about prejudice and competition

Answer 13

Groups and competitions artificial, don’t necessarily reflect real life
Boys were American, can’t be generalised

Question 14

What is the difference between an in-group and an out-group?

Answer 14

In-groups is people you have things in common with

Out-groups is people you have nothing in common with

Question 15

Give a study about helping strangers

Answer 15

Levine (2002)
More likely to help strangers if there are things in common
Confederate fell over in front of United fans, half with United shirt, half with Liverpool shirt
United shirt, helped to feet but Liverpool shirt, wasn’t
More likely to help in-group members than out-group people

Question 16

Evaluate the helping strangers study

Answer 16

Can’t generalise to other groups of people

With football fans, strong rivalry, other situations more friendly, more likely to help

Question 17

Give a study about discrimination against out-groups

Answer 17

Tajfel (1970)

To show how easily people discriminate against out-groups

14-15 year old boys were randomly assigned to 2 groups, each had to award points to any of the other boys, points would become prizes at end

They made the biggest difference between the groups instead of giving themselves the most points

People discriminate to people just because they are in an out-group

Question 18

Evaluate the out-group discrimination study

Answer 18

14-15 year old boys used, can’t generalise

Groups were artificially created so there is low ecological validity

Question 19

What is the jigsaw method?

Answer 19

A technique of reducing prejudice by putting mixed race groups together and assigning each person a different job so that they had to work together

Question 20

Give 3 outcomes of the jigsaw method

Answer 20

Participants came out with higher self-esteem, increased liking of their classmates, increased liking of other racial groups in their class

Question 21

What is another word for the jigsaw method?

Answer 21

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