Psychology 1 - Research Methods

Question 0

What is repeated measures?

Answer 0

There is only one group of participants which takes part in both conditions of the experiment

Question 1

What is independent groups?

Answer 1

The available people for the experiment are divided into 2 groups
One group takes part in one condition of the experiment and the other group takes part in the remaining condition

Question 2

What is matched pairs?

Answer 2

The available people are tested and matched for qualities into pairs
One member of each pair takes part in one condition of the experiment and the other member of each pair takes part in the other condition

Question 3

What is the order effect?

Answer 3

This occurs when a participant’s performance in the second condition of an experiment is affected because they have already done the first condition

Question 4

What are participant variables?

Answer 4

The differences between people taking part in a study

This affects experiments using the independent groups design mostly

Question 5

What are standardised procedures?

Answer 5

A set order of carrying out a study that is applied to all participants when necessary

Question 6

What is random allocation?

Answer 6

A procedure for putting participants into conditions by chance

Question 7

What is counterbalancing?

Answer 7

A procedure for evening out the order in which participants complete both conditions of an experiment

Question 8

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 8

A variable that is not the IV but might affect the DV if it is not controlled

Question 9

What is the order of instructions in a study?

Answer 9

Briefing (encourage a person to participate, the right to withdraw and confidentiality is explained)
Standardised instructions (the actual instructions for what the participant actually has to do)
Debriefing (describes aim, method, how the people participate and the ethical considerations are addressed again)

Question 10

What is randomisation?

Answer 10

Using chance to produce an order for a procedure

Question 11

What is ecological validity?

Answer 11

How much the results of the investigation can be said to apply to real life situations

Question 12

What are the 4 sampling methods?

Answer 12

Random
Opportunity
Systematic
Stratified

Question 13

What is random sampling?

Answer 13

Every member of the target population is numbered and numbers (participants) are randomly picked until the desired sample size is reached

Question 14

What is opportunity sampling?

Answer 14

The most available people for the investigation are chosen

Question 15

What is systematic sampling?

Answer 15

Every “nth” member of the target population is selected for the sample

Question 16

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 16

The different subgroups of the target population are identified
People are then randomly selected from these subgroups in proportion to their numbers in the target population

Question 17

What is a representative sample?

Answer 17

The sample is made up of people who have the same characteristics and abilities as the target population