Psychology 01 Final Flashcards
TO PASS FINAL
discriminations are
actions
isms are
society
stereotypes
symbol or label used negatively against a group
stereotypes come from the
unconscious
low self-esteem, anxiety, insecurity, powerlessness, fear of death, are examples of __________ prejudice
psychological
Groupthink, conformity, parental messages, are examples of __________ prejudice
social
Majority’s desire to preserve its status, competition for jobs, power, resources, are examples of ______ prejudice
economic
ethnocentrism, desire for group identity, the justification of war, are examples of __________ prejudice
cultural/national
“those people are not as moral and decent as we are.” is an example of __________ prejudice
psychological
“my parents taught me that those people are just no good.” is an example of __________ prejudice
social
“those people are not smart enough to do this work.” is an example of __________ prejudice
economic
“we have to protect our religion/country/government from those monsters.” is an example of __________ prejudice
cultural/national
preconceived opinions, biases
prejudices
difference between homophobia and heterosexism?
homophobia is an extreme hate, heterosexism is when the person uses heterosexual standards
ethnocentrism
one looking at their culture as superior (wade and tavris) focusing on ones own culture (laurent)
good stress turns bad when..
equilibrium is off
hans seyle stages of stress include
the alarm stage, the resistance stage, and the exhaustion stage
stress can be…
work related, the same as grief but not always a mental disorder, due to daily hassles
working fast, dealing with stress, impatient, is considered a type _____ personality
type A
what is the difference between type a and type b personalities?
everything, type B’s aren’t type A’s
optimism results in..
higher achievement rates in work/school, quicker recovery health wise
pessimism results in..
lower achievement in work/school, slower recovery health wise
relaxation techniques, exercise, massage are __________ for coping with stress
physical strategies
rethinking a problem, reappraising the situation, making social comparisons are __________ for coping with stress
cognitive strategies
making lists, pros and cons, are __________ for coping with stress
problem oriented strategies
relying on friends, social support, helping others, are __________ for coping with stress
social strategies
primary control
“fighting back” philosophy, an effort to modify reality by changing other people, the situations, or events
secondary control
an effort to accept reality by changing your own attitudes, goals, or emotions, the “learn how to deal with it” philosophy
primary emotions
emotions that are considered to be universal and biologically based; they include fear, anger, sadness, joy, surprise, disgust, and contempt
secondary emotions
emotions that develop with cognitive maturity and vary across individuals and cultures
poverty, lack of health care, discrimination, crime are __________ factors that risk the increase of illness
environmental
childhood neglect, traumatic events, job stress, unemployment are __________ factors that risk the increase of illness
experiential
viral or bacterial infections, disease, genetic vulnerability, toxins, are __________ factors that risk the increase of illness
biological
hostility, depression, pessimism, feeling powerless, are __________ factors that risk the increase of illness
psychological
smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, abuse of alcohol and other drugs, lack of sleep, are __________ factors that risk the increase of illness
behavioral
lack of supportive friends, low involvement in meaningful groups, being in a hostile bitter relationship, are __________ factors that risk the increase of illness
social
social psychology is the..
study of peoples behaviors in groups
The bias to choose the most flattering and forgiving explanations of our own behavior, the bias that we are better, smarter, kinder than other
Self serving bias
Cognitive dissonance
Conflicting beliefs resulting in tension
Notion that the world is fair and justice is served. Bad people punished and good people are rewarded.
Just world hypothesis
Tendency for people to think that a statement is true or false based on the repetition of the statement
Validity effect
A sudden change of mind but the person is unaware of what is happening
Brainwashing
Conformity
Permits smooth running of society, and people feel in harmony with others like them
Group think
Everyone in the group thinks alike for the sake or harmony and to avoid disagreement
Diffusion of responsibility
When people don’t take responsibility or action because they assume that others will
Deindividulization
Loss of awareness of ones individuality in groups our crowds
