Psychologists

Question 1

1996 Knight, Fabes and Higgens

Answer 1

Boys more likely to be aggressive and men to commit violent crimes
Girls more likely to be nurturing

Question 2

Will et al 1976

Answer 2

Baby X study

Question 3

Melatesta 1989

Answer 3

Boys turned out girls turned in

Question 4

Conway and Vartanian 2000

Answer 4

Girls encouraged to be expressive, boys instrumental

Question 5

Williams and Best 1990

Answer 5

Girls encouraged to be expressive, boys instrumental is displayed in al societies

Question 6

Mitchell et al 1989

Answer 6

Twin study

Question 7

Servin et al 2003

Answer 7

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 8

Kimura 1999

Answer 8

Brain differences

Question 9

Eliot 2009

Answer 9

Men also have larger bodies than women

Question 10

Hines 2004

Answer 10

Only a single nucleus in the hypothalamus is sometimes bigger in male brains

Question 11

Bourne and Maxwell 2010

Answer 11

Brain lateralisation

Question 12

Geschwind and Galaburda 1985

Answer 12

Testosterone implicated in development of cerebral lateralisation

Question 13

Kohlberg

Answer 13

Moral development stages

Question 14

Paulus

Answer 14

Selfishness beats fairness until 6-8

Question 15

Sheskin

Answer 15

5 year olds will take a loss so others have less

Even 9-10 year olds struggle with quality fairness

Question 16

Blake and McAuliffe

Answer 16

An 8 year old will take a loss to avoid having more

Question 17

Gilligan

Answer 17

Kohlberg’s model is gender biased

Question 18

Miller and Bersoff

Answer 18

Chinese more collectivist and Americans more individualistic
Children help more in less industrialised nations

Question 19

Sloane et al

Answer 19

An appreciation for fairness emerges very early in infancy

Question 20

Rochat et al 2009

Answer 20

3 year olds distribute goods evenly amongst third parties

Question 21

Sieglman and Waitzman

Answer 21

5 year olds consider relative need amp day amount of work

Question 22

Shaw and Olson

Answer 22

6-8 year olds will discard resources if they can’t be distributed fairly

Question 23

Rousseau

Answer 23

Born pure good but get corrupted

Question 24

Hobbs

Answer 24

Born evil and must be disciplined into goodness

Question 25

Freud

Answer 25

Born without concern for welfare of others

Question 26

Locke

Answer 26

Born blank slates

Question 27

Schweder et al

Answer 27

Compared Orissa and America - different morals

Question 28

Hadit and Joseph

Answer 28

Content and frequency of morality and altruism varied but all cultures engage in moral thinking

Question 29

Chomsky

Answer 29

LAD

Question 30

Bower and Wishart

Answer 30

Lights out study

Question 31

Hespos and Balliargeon

Answer 31

2 1/2 month olds understanding of physical laws - containment and occlusion

Question 32

Borke

Answer 32

Alternate three mountains task

Question 33

Donaldson

Answer 33

Hide from police officer
Pre-school children more compete than piaget claimed
Conserve task doesn’t make sense

Question 34

Harris and Butterworth

Answer 34

Hide from police task following line of sight

Question 35

McGarringle and Donaldson

Answer 35

Naughty teddy

Question 36

Asokan et al 2014

Answer 36

Three mountain and interview question

Question 37

Drix et al

Answer 37

Habituation in 30 week old foetus

Question 38

Byers-heinlein

Answer 38

High amplitude sucking criticisms

Question 39

Franz

Answer 39

Image preference method

Question 40

Mohn and Van Hof-Van

Answer 40

Babies sight one thirtieth

Question 41

Buttersworth and Castillo

Answer 41

Look in direction of sound

Question 42

Brown 1990

Answer 42

Able to distinguish between basic colours at 2-3 months

Question 43

Johnson

Answer 43

Infants focused on contrasts not face until 6 weeks

Question 44

Sai 2005

Answer 44

Babies preference to mothers face based on sight and sound