Psychological Treatments Flashcards
what does NICE stand for
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
what does CBTp stand for
Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for psychosis
how many sessions of CBTp does NICE reccommend
at least 16 sessions
what is the aim of CBTp
for patients to identify irrational thoughts , identify alternative explanations and try to change them
how does CBTp work
- helps patients to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour
- offers explanations for symptoms helping to reduce anxiety and for the patient to realise their beliefs are not based on reality
is CBTp a cure
no, it is will not cure symptoms, but help patients to cope with the symptoms
what does the ABCDE approach by Ellis help us understand
the source of the faulty cognition and provide a process to cognitively restructure irrational beliefs
what is the ABCDE approach to cognitive restructuring
A = Activating event
B = Beliefs
C = Consequence (symptoms)
D = Disputing
E = restructuring for Effective beliefs
what is the role of the therapist
to challenge irrational beliefs, this could be by logically disputing the reality of the delusions and helping to develop alternatives
what is reality testing
a process in which the patient can demonstrate for themselves that their irrational thoughts are not real
AO3: What are some of the problems in delivering CBTP
- lack of availability
- requires self-awareness
- requires a time commitment
- it can require a vigorous confrontation
AO3: What is the evidence in support of CBTp, but what is the problem with it
P - CBTp more effective than standard care
E - NICE review of treatment for SZ found consistent evidence that when compared to antipsychotic, CBT was effective in reducing hospitalisation rates
E - shown to reduce symptom severity and increase social functioning. BUT most of this research has been conducted with patients who are also being treated with antipsychotics at the same time which is obviously a confounding variable
L - evidence does suggest that CBT is an effective psychological therapy, particularly when used in conjunction with antipsychotics
AO3: When does Addignton & Addington (2005) suggest CBTp is not appropriate and why
P - more effective when it is adapted to specific stages of the disorder
E - A&A (2005) claim that, in the initial acute phase of SZ, self-reflection is not particularly appropriate
E - however, when psychotic symptoms have been stabilised using antipsychotic medication, individuals benefit more from CBT
L - shows that CBT is an effective psychological therapy for SZ but only when used at the right stage of the disorder
AO3: Why did Wykes (2008) suggest that meta-analyses of CBT may not be reliable evidence
P - issues with meta-analysis which can lead to unreliable conclusions
E - quality of the research is not normally taken into account. some studies fail to randomly allocate or the researchers know which treatments conditions each group is, increasing researcher bias
E - wykes(2008) found that the more rigorous the study, the weaker the effect of CBT
L - mixed evidence for the effectiveness of treating CBT and further research is needed of a higher standard to provide more evidence
AO3: what evidene is there of the longevity of effects of CBT
- supportive evidence from Sensky et al. (2000)
- showed patients who had resisted drug treatments had a reduction in +ve and -ve symptoms when treated by 19 sessions of CBT
- continued to improve even 9months after treatment had ended
- CBT is seen as an improvement of drug therapies in the short term
