psychological therapy for schizophrenia Flashcards
what is cognitive behavioural therapy?
a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques. from the cognitive viewpoint the therapy aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts. the therapy includes behavioural techniques
how long is a CBT course usually?
•8-10 weeks
•NICE suggests 16 sessions
flow diagram of what CBT aims to challenge
faulty thinking/ irrational thoughts ->
harmful emotions ->
negative behaviours
how does cognitive behavioural therapy help schizophrenia patients?
•schizophrenic patients develop belief systems to make sense of the world (delusions)
•they challenge the faulty thinking and help them understand how they lead to delusions and hallucinations
•if a therapist can convince them that the auditory hallucinations (voices) actually come from malfunctioning speech centres and cannot hurt them, they become less frightening and debilitating
•this reduces stress
•they also use a technique called normalisation where they teach that voice-hearing is an extension of the ordinary experience of thinking in words
what does Beck’s model entail?
•patient as scientist
•identify the negative triad (thoughts about the world, self and future)
•challenges thoughts by testing the reality of their negative beliefs, producing evidence to see if the clients statements are correct and
what does Ellis’ model entail?
•disputes and challenges irrational thoughts
•empirical disputing and logical disputing
what is empirical disputing?
challenging whether there is evidence for the thoughts
what is logical disputing?
involves disputing whether the negative thought logically follows from the facts
evaluation points for CBT
+cheaper in the long run
+effective- Jauhar
- it’s not a cure as it doesn’t address the underlying causality
+cheaper in the long run
•it usually costs less money than prescribing drugs and can see improvements in a shorter amount of time
+effective- Jauhar
•meta analysis on 34 studies using CBT with schizophrenia, there is clear evidence for a small but significant effect on both positive and negative symptoms
•supports the benefit of CBT for schizophrenia
-it is not a cure as it doesn’t address the underlying causality
•it’s not the challenge that has ‘cured’ them, it’s the validation and positive regard (as well as having rapport with someone, a therapeutic alliance)
what are the 3 characteristics of the family systems theory?
•schizophrenogenic mother
•double-bind theory
•high expressed emotion
what is family therapy?
a psychological therapy carried out with all of some members of a family with the aim of improving the communications within the family and reducing the stress of living with a family
who identified strategies therapists use within family therapy?
Pharoah
what was Pharoah’s family therapy?
•forming a therapeutic alliance with all family members
•reducing the stress of caring for a relative with schizophrenia
•improving the ability of the family to anticipate and solve problems
•reduction of anger and guilt in family members
•helping family members achieve a balance between caring for the individual and maintaining their own lives
•improving families beliefs about and behaviour towards schizophrenia
- rest bite is important to reduced HEE
what are the two main ways family therapy helps?
•reduces negative emotions (high expressed emotions)
•improves the family’s ability to help
what was Burbach’s 7 step programme?
- sharing basic information and providing emotional/ practical support
- identifying resources and what people can/ cannot offer
- aims to encourage mutual understanding, creating a safe space
- identifying unhelpful patterns of interaction
- skills training like learning stress management techniques
- relapse prevention planning
- maintenance for the future
evaluation points for family therapy
+ effective- McFarlane
+ benefits the whole family
+economic benefits
+effective
•McFarlane concluded through a meta analysis that it was consistently effective and relapse rates were found to reduce by 50-60%
•showing that family therapy is beneficial and effective
+benefits the whole family
•Lobban (and Barrowclough) concluded that it being beneficial for everyone are important because families provide the bulk of care for people with schizophrenia
•strengthens the support system
•it has wider positive impacts beyond just the identified patient
+economic benefits
•family therapy reduces relapse rates and makes families better able to provide the bulk of care, meaning they are less likely to use government resources
