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Systems: Psychiatry AB > Psychological Therapies > Flashcards

Psychological Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of affective/anxiety disorders.

A
  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
  • Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
  • Panic Disorder and Phobic Anxiety Disorders
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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2
Q

Give examples of substance misuse disorders

A

Use of:

  • Alcohol
  • Tobacco
  • Opioids/benzos/stimulants
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3
Q

Give an example of a disorder of reaction to stress.

A

Post traumatic stress disorder PTSD

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4
Q

What does CBT involve?

A
  • Looking at how our thoughts relate to our feelings and behaviour
  • Therapist helps client to identify their thoughts, feelings and behaviours and assess if they are unrealistic or unhelpful
  • Identify what can be changed
  • Client engages in homework which challenges the unrealistic/unhelpful thoughts
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5
Q

What are the general features of CBT?

A
  • Focuses on the here and now
  • Short-term
  • Problem focussed, goal orientated
  • Can be done individual, with a group, via a book or a computer
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6
Q

What conditions is CBT effective in the treatment of?

A
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Phobias
  • OCT
  • PTSD
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7
Q

What types of thoughts/behaviours can CBT be used to combat?

A
  • Automatic negative thoughts
  • Unrealistic beliefs
  • Cognitive distortions
  • Catastrophizing
  • Black and white / all or nothing thinking
  • Perfectionism
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8
Q

What is the theory and rationale of behavioural activation?

A
  • Focuses on avoided activities as a guide for activity scheduling and for a functional analysis of cognitive processes that involve avoidance
  • Focus on what predicts and maintains an unhelpful reponse by various reinforcers
  • Client taught to analyse unintended consequences of their way of responding
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9
Q

What types of avoidance behaviour may be identified in depression?

A
  • Social withdrawal
  • Non-social withdrawal
  • Cognitive avoidance
  • Avoidance by distraction
  • Emotional avoidance
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10
Q

What social avoidance may someone with depression exhibit?

A
  • Not answering the telephone

- Avoiding friends

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11
Q

What non-social avoidance may someone with depression exhibit?

A
  • Not taking on challenging tasks
  • Sitting around the house
  • Spending excessive time in bed
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12
Q

What cognitive avoidance may someone with depression exhibit?

A
  • Not thinking about relationship problems
  • Not making decisions about the future
  • Not taking opportunities
  • Not being serious about work/studies
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13
Q

What avoidance by distraction may someone with depression exhibit?

A
  • Watching rubbish on television
  • Playing computer games
  • Gambling
  • Comfort eating
  • Excessive-exercise
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14
Q

What emotional avoidance may someone with depression exhibit?

A

Use of alcohol and other substances

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15
Q

What are the features of the process of behavioural activation?

A
  • Collaborative, empathic and non-judgemental
  • Structured agenda to review progress
  • Small changes to build to long term goals
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16
Q

What are the features of interpersonal psychotherapy?

A
  • It is a treatment for depression and anxiety
  • Time limited (12-16 weeks)
  • Focuses on the present
17
Q

What pattern does depression usually follow?

A

Often follows a disturbing change in or contingent with a significant interpersonal event i.e. bereavement, dispute, role transition, interpersonal deficit

18
Q

Describe what happens in IPT.

A
  • Client assumes a sick role
  • They construct an IP map to identify context
  • Find a focus are (maintained depressive symptoms linked to interpersonal events
  • Identify a goal in order to reduce depressive symptoms and improve interpersonal functioning
19
Q

What are the strengths of IPT?

A
  • A grade evidence for treating depression
  • No formal homework – may be preferable
  • Client can continue to practise skills beyond the sessions ending
20
Q

What are the limitations of IPT?

A
  • Requires degree of ability to reflect – may be difficult for some
  • Where poor social networks – limited interpersonal support
21
Q

What is motivational interviewing?

A
  • A technique that promoted behaviour change in a wide range of health care settings
  • It is more effective than just giving advice
  • It is used where behaviour change is being considered, when the patient may be unmotivated or ambivalent to change
22
Q

What are the principles of motivation interviewing?

A
  • Express empathy to understand person’s predicament
  • Avoid argument as challenging patient’s position can make them defensive
  • Support self-efficacy as the patient sets agenda, generates what they might consider changing
23
Q

What are the stages of change?

A
  • Pre-contemplation
  • Contemplation
  • Planning
  • Action
  • Maintaining
24
Q

What is the pre-contemplation stage of change?

A

The stage of denial where people are happy to continue with the behaviour

25
Q

What is the contemplation stage of change?

A
  • Can last indefinitely
  • The client is generally ambivalent
  • Weighing up the pros and cons
26
Q

What is the planning stage of change?

A
  • Client identified they have a problem
  • Think about how to change it
  • Consider options
  • Build confidence and motivation
27
Q

What is the action stage of change?

A
  • This is what I am doing
  • Preventing relapse and developing coping strategies
  • Maintaining goals
28
Q

What is the maintenance stage of change?

A
  • Using coping strategies

- Dealing with weakness, emergencies and slip backs

Systems: Psychiatry AB (18 decks)

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