Psychological tests Flashcards
PCL-R stands for?
Psychopathy Checklist Revised
When was the PCL-R published?
1991
What is the difference between the PCL and the PCL-R?
PCL has 22 questions, PCL-R has 20.
Is the PCL-R a risk assessment?
No. It was developed to quantify the construct of psychopathy
Hare based his checklist on what book?
Cleckley’s book The Mask of Sanity
How would you describe psychopathy?
Character disorder consisting of certain traits such as glibness, charming, lack of empathy and emotion, impulsivity, and irresponsibility
Why is the PCL-R included in most risk assessments?
Strongly related to future violence and violent offending
Psychopathy is a character disorder consisting of certain traits such as
glibness, charming, lack of empathy and emotion, impulsivity, and irresponsibility
The PCL-R was normed in what population?
Male offenders and forensic patients in Canada
Factor 1 of the PCL-R describes what aspects of a psychopath?
Characterological aspects - glib, charming, lack of remorse
Factor 2 of the PCL-R describes what aspects of a psychopath?
Behavioral aspects - poor bx controls, impulsivity, criminal versatility
Regarding the PCL-R, currently there are 2 factors (characterological and behavioral). Current studies include 4 factors may be a better solution - what are they>
interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and behavioral
On the PCL-R was is the cutoff score for North American males to be considered a psychopath?
30
When was the PCL-R re-normed?
2003
The PCL-R was renormed in 2003, what populations were included?
African Americans as well as women.
Since 2003, the PCL-R is normed in what populations?
North American male offenders, North American forensic patients, and Norh American female offenders
HCR-20 is what type of instrument?
It is not an instrument. It is a guide for clinicians in what factors to consider when performing a risk assessment.
It is called a Structured Professional Judgment tool.
What is an example of a Structured Professional Judgment tool.?
HCR-20
Is the HCR-20 normed?
No. Clinicians are to use their judgment based on each person they evaluate and the factors that place them at risk to determine risk level.
Why is the HCR-20 useful in forensic tx settings?
Contains items considered to be more dynamic in nature and thus is often used to measure change in tx
On the HCR-20, the H scale contains how many items?
10
On the HCR-20, what category has more static factors?
H (history)
On the HCR-20, the C scale contains how many items?
5
V3 of the HCR-20 is different in what way?
It requires evaluators to determine both the presence and relevance of each risk factor and to provide a comprehensive formulation outlining risk factors and their relationship with each other
What does VRAG R stand for?
Violence Risk Appraisal Guide-Revised
The VRAG was established in what population?
618 male Canadian offenders (both w and w/o mental illness - the OakRidge sample - they were all referred for a mental health evaluation)
How is the VRAG-R different from the VRAG?
Some items are the same, but scoring differs.
On the VRAG-R what facet of the PCL-R is required?
4
For the VRAG, what history is required?
Sex offender
What does the VRAG R include? (5)
1) Violent criminal arrest history
2) Non-violent criminal arrest history
3) Conduct disorder
4) H/o drug and alcohol problems
5) H/o incarcerations
VRAG R norms are for what year intervals?
5 and 12
VRAG R includes how many “bins” associated with levels of risk?
9
VRAG R includes how 9 “bins” associated with what?
levels of risk
VRAG R provides probability scores for risk of what?
Violent reoffending
VRAG has 12 items, what are they?
1) Criminal arrest history for nonviolent offenses prior to index
2) Criminal arrest history for violent offenses prior to index
3) Sex offending history
4) Elementary school maladjustment
5) Antisociality as measured by Facet 4 of PCL-R
6) Age at index offense
7) Lived with both parents to age 16
8) Failure on prior conditional release
9) Marital status at time of index offense
10) Conduct disorder prior to age 15
11) Number of prior admissions to correctional institutions
12) Alcohol and drug abuse history
VRAG R development was retrospective or prospective?
Retrospective
Why was the VRAG R received substantial criticism?
It is based exclusively on static items and the probability rating lead to mistaken assumptions of precision - probability values are applied to groups not individuals
The probability values for the VRAG R are applied to groups or individuals?
Groups
What does COVR stand for?
Classification of Violence Risk
Computerized, interactive assessment based on the MacArthur Study of Violence Risk conducted in the 19902.
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk is based on what?
939 civil psychiatric patients discharged from acute psychiatric units at 3 hospitals (Kansas City, Pittsburgh, Worcester)
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk - how often were patients interviewed?
Every 10 weeks for 1 year
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk - what time frame was used for all anaylses?
20 weeks
Collateral informants were interviewed re: risk factors and violence?
COVR
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk - violence reported by what three sources?
self-reported, collateral, records - tob obtain single report of violence
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk. Violence was defined as:
acts of battery that resulted in physical injury, sexual assaults, assaultive acts that involved weapons, threats made with weapon in hand
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk. how many risk factors?
134 risk factors
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk. what are the domains?
1) dispositional or personal (age)
2) historical or developmental (child abuse)
3) contextual or situational (social networks)
4) clinical sxs (delusions)
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk. What has been published based on results? (2)
1) uses extensive evals, including PCL
2) “clinically feasible” and contains information easily obtainable
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk. How does it categorize patients?
Low or high risk
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk was intended for what use?
Clinicians in ER needing to make decisions about involuntary commitment
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk has been showed to be associated with increased risk of what?
institutional aggression in forensics patients
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk - software produces how many risk levels?
5
In what assessment can clinicians adjust scores up or down based on clinical judgment?
COVR - Classification of Violence Risk
What does SVR-20 stand for?
Sexual Violence Risk
What test is modeled after the HCR-20?
SVR-20
Assessment guide that directs the examiner to assess factors that are empirically related to future sexual violence
SVR-20
What are the psychosocial adjustment items on the SVR-20? (11)
Sexual deviation Victim of child abuse Psychopathy Major mental illness Substance use/dependence Suicidal/homicidal ideation Relationship problems Employment problems Past non-sexual violent offenses Past non-violent offenses Past supervision failure
SVR-20 sexual offenses? (7)
1) high density offending
2) multiple sex offense types
3) physical harm to victim during sex offense
4) use of weapons or threats during sex offense
5) escalation in frequency or severity of sex offenses
6) extreme minimization or denial of sex offense
7) attitude that support or condone sex offenses
SVR-20 future plans? (2)
1) lack of realistic plans
2) negative attitudes towards intervention
Aim was to predict sex offense recidivism using a small number of easily scored variables
RRASOR (Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offense Recidivism)
Correlation of these items examined in seven different data sets
RRASOR (Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offense Recidivism)
RRASOR (Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offense Recidivism) - what four data points contributed substantially to the regression equation?
1) prior sex offenses
2) age at release (current age)
3) victim gender
4) relationship to victim
Static-99 and Static 99R were developed using how many samples?
4
Static-99 and Static 99R combines what two pre-existing instruments?
RRASOR (Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offense Recidivism) and Structured Anchored Clinical Judgement (SACJ)
Static-99 and Static 99R - ROC for sexual recidivism?
0.71
Static-99 and Static 99R - ROC for violent recidivism?
0.69
Static-99 and Static 99R - how many items?
10
Risk items on static 99?
o Prior sex offenses o Prior sentencing dates o Any convictions for non-contact sex offenses o Index non-sexual violence o Prior non-sexual violence o Any unrelated victims o Any stranger victims o Any male victims o Age at release o Single
On the Static 99 does risk increase or decrease with advancing age?
Decrease
MMPI-2 stands for?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory how many items?
567
When was the MMPI developed?
1940s
When was the MMPI revised?
1980s
What is the best use of the MMPI in forensic work?
Validity scales
What are the three validity scales of the MMPI?
L - lie scale
F - infrequency scale
K - correction
MMPI can detect both faking good and faking bad - what does this mean?
faking good - denial and claiming extreme virtue
faking bad - fabricating or exaggerating symptoms
How many clinical scales are used in the MMPI?
10
What does TOMM stand for?
Test of Memory Malingering
What method does the TOMM use?
Forced choice method
The TOMM uses forced choice method - what is another name for this?
Symptom validity testing
For the TOMM - how many pictures are you shown?
50 target pictures
When you are administering the TOMM do you provide feedback?
Yes, you provide feedback on the accuracy of responses
What score on the TOMM indicates feigning?
Any score lower than chance
On trial 2 of the TOMM, what score indicates feigning?
Score lower than 45
What does M-FAST stand for?
Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test
How many items are on the M-FAST?
25
M-FAST cut off?
6
Does the M-FAST over identify or under identify malingers?
Over identifies
What does SIMS stand for?
Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology
How many questions are on the SIMS (Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology)?
75 true/false
Is the SIMS a screener?
YES
What malingering test has a high false positive rate?
SIMS (Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology)
How many subscales are in the SIMS?
Five
What are the 5 subscales of the SIMS?
1) low intelligence
2) affective disorders
3) neurological impairment
4) psychosis
5) amnestic disorders
What does SIRS stand for?
Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms
The SIRS (Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms) assesses feigning of what type of sxs?
psychotic and affective
How many items are on the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms?
172
What are the 8 primary scales of the SIRS?
1) RS - rare symptoms
2) SC - symptom combinations
3) IA - improbable/absurd sxs
4) BL - blatant sxs
5) SU - subtle sxs
6) selectively os sxs
7) severity of sxs
8) reported vs observed sxs
The SIRS has how many supplementary scales?
5
How are responses classified on the SIRS? (4)
Definite, probably, indeterminate, or honest
On the SIRS, how do you classify someone as malingering?
If they score one (or more) in the definite range OR three (or more) in the probable range
The supplementary scales of the SIRS are used for what?
Aid in the interpretation when the results on the primary scales are NOT definitive for malingering
What does SIRS-2 stand for?
Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms Revised
How does the SIRS-2 differ from the SIRS?
Revised supplementary scales
How are the SIRS and SIRS-2 similar?
Primary scales are identical
How are the supplementary scales used in the SIRS-2?
Used in algorithm for determining if individual is malingering that requires administration of entire test
14-item actuarial measure that assesses sexual recidivism risk of adult male sex offenders
Static-2002R
How many subscale groups are in the Static-2002R?
5
What are the 5 subscales in the Static-2002R?
1) age of release
2) persistene of sex offending
3) sexual deviance
4) relationship to victims
5) general criminiality
The range of scores for the Static-2002R?
-2 to 14
The Static-2002R places offenders in one of what five risk categories?
1) low (-2 to 2)
2) low-moderate (3 to 4)
3) moderate (5 to 6)
4) moderate-high (7 to 8)
5) high (9)
How is the Static-2002R different than the Static-2002?
The Static2002R has updated age weights
What two tests have similar predictive accuracy for sexual recidivism?
Static-99R and Static-2002R
What are the 14 items on the Static-2002R?
o Age at Release
o Prior Sentencing Occasions for Sexual Offences:
o Any Juvenile Arrest for a Sexual Offence and Convicted as an Adult for a Separate Sexual Offence:
o Rate of Sexual Offending:
o Any Sentencing Occasion For Non-contact Sex Offences:
o Any Male Victim:
o Young, Unrelated Victims:
o Any Unrelated Victim:
o Any Stranger Victim:
o Any Prior Involvement with the Criminal Justice System
o Prior Sentencing Occasions For Anything:
o Any Community Supervision Violation:
o Years Free Prior to Index Sex Offence:
o Any Prior Non-sexual Violence Sentencing Occasion:
