psychological Skills

Question 1

define casual relationship

Answer 1

One variable directly affects or changes another variable

Question 2

define extraneous variables

Answer 2

Variable that may potentially affect the DV and provide a false impression that the IV has changed

Question 3

Define confounding variables

Answer 3

Class of extraneous variables that changes systematically with the IV

Question 4

what are demand characteristics

Answer 4

Participants change their natural behaviour to support the aim of the research

Question 5

define representative

Answer 5

Sample reflects the target population

Question 6

Random sampling technique

Answer 6

everyone in target population has equal chance of selection

Question 7

stratified sampling technique

Answer 7

random but selected from specific sub groups in target population

Question 8

Define ethnocentric bias

Answer 8

Making judgements about other cultures based of one specific culture and generalising them

Question 9

Define population validity

Answer 9

Sample population is representative of target population

Question 10

define counterbalancing

Answer 10

When the researcher alternates conditions for each participant in order to cancel out order effects

Question 11

list the 3 design methods

Answer 11

• independent group design
• repeated measures design
• matched pairs design

Question 12

define order effects

Answer 12

When participants do more than one condition and all do them in the same order

Question 13

define a null hypothesis

Answer 13

no significant difference between…
and any difference is due to chance