Psychological Research Methods and Statistics Flashcards

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1
Q

The small group of participants, out of total number available, that a researcher studies

A

Sample

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2
Q

Research method in which the psychologist observed the subject in a natural setting without interfering

A

Naturalistic observation

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3
Q

Research involves one or more participants

A

Case study

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4
Q

Research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a mix set of questions

A

Survey

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5
Q

Research method in which data are collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development

A

Longitudinal study

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6
Q

Research method in which data are collected from groups of participants of different ages and compare so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age

A

Cross – sectional study

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7
Q

The measure of a relationship between two variables of sets of data

A

Correlation

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8
Q

An educated guess about the relationship between two variables

A

Hypothesis

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9
Q

Any factor that is capable of change

A

Variable

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10
Q

The group to which an independent variable is applied

A

Experimental group

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11
Q

The group that is created in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment the independent variable is not applied

A

Control group

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12
Q

A situation in which a researchers expectations influence that persons own behavior, and thereby influence the participants behavior

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

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13
Q

An experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment

A

Single-blind experiment

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14
Q

An experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

A

Double-blind experiment

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15
Q

A change in a participants illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect rather than from actual treatment

A

Placebo effect

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16
Q

The branch of mathematics concerned with summarizing and making meaningful inferences from collections of data

A

Statistics

17
Q

The listing and summarizing of data on a practical, efficient way

A

Descriptive statics

18
Q

An arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs

A

Frequency distribution

19
Q

A graph of frequency distribution shaped like a symmetrical,
bell-shaped curve; a graph of normally distributed data

A

Normal curves

20
Q

A number that describes something about the “average” score of a distribution

A

Central tendency

21
Q

A measure of difference, or spread of data

A

Variability

22
Q

A measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean

A

Standard deviation

23
Q

Describes the direction and strength of the relationship between the sets of variables

A

Correlation coefficient

24
Q

Numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance

A

Inferential statistics