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Psychology > Psychological Problems > Flashcards

Psychological Problems Flashcards

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1
Q

The 3 individual effects of mental health problems

A

Damage to relationships
Difficulties coping with day-to-day life
Negative impact on physical well-being

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2
Q

The 3 social effects of mental health problems

A

Need for more social care
Increased crime rate
Implications for the economy

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3
Q

Clinical depression

A

A mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels

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4
Q

Unipolar depression

A

The person only experiences one emotional state

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5
Q

Bipolar depression

A

Changes between two mood states of depression and mania

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6
Q

Diagnosing depression - key symptoms

A

Low mood
Loss of interest and pleasure
Reduced energy levels

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7
Q

Diagnosing depression - other symptoms

A 
Changes in sleep patterns
Changes in appetite levels
Decrease in self-confidence
Reduced concentration
Ideas of guilt and unworthiness
Pessimistic views
Ideas of self harm or suicide
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8
Q

Seretonin

A

A neurotransmitter that regulates mood and low levels are often associated with depression

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9
Q

How serotonin can cause depression

A

If there is plenty of serotonin then enough can reach the other side of the synaptic cleft, but if there is less then it is harder for it to reach the other side causing low mood

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10
Q

The 2 reasons for low serotonin

A

Genetic

If your diet does not have enough tryptophan

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11
Q

Tryptophan

A

A substance that is key in making serotonin. It comes from high protein foods and carbohydrates

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12
Q

Faulty thinking

A

People with depression often saw the world in a pessimistic way

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13
Q

Negative schemas

A

You are likely to interpret information about something negatively if you have a negative schema linked to it

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14
Q

Attribution

A

When observing behaviour we automatically and unconsciously provide explanations for the behaviour

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15
Q

The 3 types of attributions

A

Internal attribution
Stable attribution
Global attribution

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16
Q

Internal attribution

A

How we view ourselves from our own point of view

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17
Q

Stable attribution

A

How we think people will view us

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18
Q

Global attribution

A

How we think the world views us

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19
Q

Influence of nurture on depression

A

A negative attribution is learnt if a person has had negative experiences in their childhood

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20
Q

Antidepressant medication

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

21
Q

How SSRI works

A

Serotonin is normally taken up after it has been released into the synaptic cleft if it did not reach the post synaptic receptor sites. If you stop this then more serotonin is likely to reach the next neuron because there is more in the synaptic cleft

22
Q

Cognitive behaviour therapy

A

It focuses on what the patient thinks and to try and change the patients feeling from irrational to rational

23
Q

2ways of dealing with irrational thoughts

A

The client keeping a thought diary

The client and therapist disputing

24
Q

Wile’s study of depression - aim

A

To test if using antidepressant medication and CBt was effective

25
Q

Wile’s study of depression - method

A

Took patients recieving treatment for depression from across the UK and were put in a group of either taking antidepressants or antidepressants and CBT. Their improvements were then assessed by measuring symptoms using the BDI

26
Q

Wile’s study of depression - results

A

Those in CBT and antidepressant treatment were making more improvements than those with just antidepressants

27
Q

Wile’s study of depression - conclusion

A

CBT and antidepressants is more effective than just antidepressants

28
Q

Addiction

A

A mental health problem in which an individual takes a substance or engages in a behaviour that is pleasurable but eventually becomes compulsive with harmful consequences

29
Q

Dependence

A

A compulsion to keep taking a drug because it is impossible for them to lead a normal life without the medication

30
Q

Substance abuse

A

When someone uses a drug for a bad purpose

31
Q

Substance misuse

A

When a person uses a drug in the wrong way or for the wrong purpose

32
Q

The 6 characteristics of addiction

A 
A strong desire to use the substance
Persisting despite harm
Difficulty in controlling use
A higher priority given to the substance
A withdrawal state
Evidence of tolerance
33
Q

Kaij’s twin study of alcohol abuse - aim

A

To see whether alcoholism could be experienced in terms of hereditary factors

34
Q

Kaij’s twin study of alcohol abuse - method

A

Twins were selected from the Temperance board in Sweden, they conducted interviews with the twins to collect information about drinking habits and whether their twin was identical or not.

35
Q

Kaij’s twin study of alcohol abuse - results

A

61% of identical twins were both alcoholic, whereas 31% of non identical twins were both identical

36
Q

Kaij’s twin study of alcohol abuse - conclusion

A

The data suggests that alcoholism is related to hereditary factors

37
Q

Genetic vulnerability

A

Genes increasing the risk of an individual’s chance of getting a disease

38
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

Twins from the same egg

39
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Twins from 2 separate eggs

40
Q

Peer influence

A

The effects our peers have on us and how we behave

41
Q

Social norms

A

Refers to the behaviour or belief that is standard, usual or typical of a group of people

42
Q

Aversion therapy

A

A form of psychological therapy where a patient is exposed to a stimulus while also being subjected to some form of discomfort

43
Q

Treating alcoholism

A

The drug Antabuse is used as it makes people throw up, the patient drinks and then takes an antabuse so that thinking about drinking in the future is often off-putting

44
Q

Treating gambling

A

Cards with gambling phrases and normal phrases are out together and the patient has to read them out. When they read a gambling term they receive an electric shock

45
Q

Treating smoking

A

The smoker sits in a closed room and smokes intensely creating feelings of disgust and nausea

46
Q

Self-management programmes

A

It is left to individuals to organise their treatment with no professional therapist guiding them

47
Q

The 3 main parts to the 12-step recovery plan

A

Surrendering control to a higher power
Admitting and sharing guilt
Recognising recovery as a life long process

48
Q

Self-help groups

A

People with the same problems so regard each other as equals and encourage each other to overcome their problem

Psychology (4 decks)

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