Psychological Perspective Flashcards
1
Q
- is the scientific study of human thoughts and behavior.
A
Psychology
2
Q
- is your ability to perceive and understand the things that make you who you are as an individual, including your personality, actions, values, beliefs, emotions, and thoughts.
A
Self-awareness
3
Q
THE THEORY OF THE SELF
A
WILLIAM JAMES
4
Q
is a well-known psychologist and he formulated a theory of awareness. He dissected the components of the self.
A
WILLIAM JAMES
5
Q
What are the components of the self, dividing into 2:
A
I
Me
6
Q
- the self as the knower
A
I
7
Q
conscious of the environment and of the self
A
thinking subject
8
Q
- the self as known; when we become ourselves the object of our own thinking
A
Me
9
Q
Me is divided into three types:
A
Material self
Social self
Spiritual Self
10
Q
- refers to the aspect of oneself related to physical possessions (e.g., body, clothes, belongings)
- can be a source of our self-esteem
A
Material self
11
Q
- the aspects of oneself that are influenced by the social environment (e.g., reputation, social roles, and relationships) in the mind of others, which makes up one’s reputation in the society.
A
Social self
12
Q
- is the most important and most intimate part of the self
- it refers to the person’s innermost being, their thoughts, feelings, and experiences that define who they are as a unique individual
A
Spiritual Self
13
Q
SELF THEORY
A
CARL ROGERS
14
Q
-refers to how one perceives himself
A
Self-concept
15
Q
- a flexible and changing perception of personal identity; it develops from our interactions with our significant people and self-awareness.
A
Self
16
Q
consists of all the ideas, including the awareness of “what I am” and “what I can do”
- it encompasses our thoughts, feelings, appearance, and behavior, representing who we truly are.
A
Real self
17
Q
- refers to the image of ourselves that we strive to become, shaped by our learning and experiences over time
- the version of ourselves that we aspire to be
A
Ideal self
18
Q
- according to Rogers, the fundamental motive of human beings is to self-actualize.
A
The Importance of Alignment
19
Q
- is the goal of the self
- involves reaching one’s full potential and achieving the highest level of being.
- to achieve this, Rogers suggested that they must be in a state of congruence.
A
Self-actualization
20
Q
- refers to the alignment between of an individual’s actual behavior or self-image (real self) and with their ideal self or who they aspire to be.
A
Congruence
21
Q
- there is a lack of congruence
A
Incongruence
22
Q
> when there is a congruence, an individual will experience..
A
mental well-being and peace of mind
23
Q
> however, when a person experiences incongruence, it will result in..
A
mental distress or anxiety.
24
Q
True Self and False Self Concept is made by?
A
DONALD WINNICOTT
25
- represented by our real feelings and desires
True self
26
- a side of us that has changed its behavior, repressed feelings, and pushed needs aside in order to survive
- its function is to hide and protect the true self.
False self
27
- two kinds of false self:
Healthy false self
Unhealthy self
28
-enables us to function in society by exhibiting good manners and social graces, even if we don't feel like it
- is a shield that preserves our true self until we're around individuals we can trust
Healthy false self
29
- it is the product of forced compliance rather than a genuine desire to adapt to society
- it can lead to narcissistic and addictive behaviors
Unhealthy self
30
- refers to the idea that an individual has a single, cohesive identity.
Unified self
31
- this concept posits that individuals have various subselves or identities that emerge in different situations.
Multiple self
32
PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC SELF
ALBERT BANDURA
33
He suggests that humans have the ability to act and make things happen because we are proactive (you react with what the environment gave you. The environment does not just influence you, you can influence the environment, too) and agentic (you have the ability to decide on your own).
ALBERT BANDURA
34
- The 4 main agentic features of human agency:
Intentionality
Forethought
Self-reactiveness
Self-reflectiveness
35
- is the ability to make something intentionally.
Intentionality
36
- enables the person to anticipate the likely consequences of prospective actions
Forethought
37
-enables one to make choices and choose appropriate actions
Self-reactiveness
38
- gives the person an ability to reflect upon oneself and the adequacy of one's thoughts and actions.
Self-reflectiveness
39
- according to Bandura: it is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations.
- it is a part of our self-system
Self-efficacy
40
- The four ways to self-efficacy is achieved through:
Mastery experiences
Social modeling
Social persuasion
Psychological &
Physiological responses
41
- performing a task successfully strengthens our sense of self- efficacy.
Mastery experiences
42
- witnessing other people successfully complete a task is another important source of self-efficacy.
Social modeling
43
- people could be persuaded to believe they have the skills and capabilities to succeed.
Social persuasion
44
- Our responses and emotional reactions to situations also play an important role in self-efficacy.
Psychological & Physiological responses
