Psychological Perspective

Question 1

In the context of psychology, the self can be defined as a ___________ that starts when one identifies themself as an object, followed by describing oneself as a self-concept or self-feeling, and ends with saying that the self is manifested in how one acts and presents themselves to others.

Answer 1

reflexive psychological process

Question 2

He proposed the Humanistic Theory.

Answer 2

Carl Rogers

Question 3

Carl Rogers believes that the self does not exist at birth; it is _______ gradually during childhood, wherein one differentiates the self from the non-self.

Answer 3

developed

Question 4

It is the center of experience according to Rogers.

Answer 4

Self

Question 5

According to Rogers, it is one’s ongoing sense of who and what they are and how and why they respond to the environment.

Answer 5

Self

Question 6

What is the focus of Roger’s theory?

Answer 6

The nature of the self and the conditions that allow the self to develop freely

Question 7

It is who an individual is intrinsically. It is the self that feels closest to how one identifies with. It is how one
thinks, feels, looks, and acts.

Answer 7

Real self

Question 8

The real self is one’s ________.

Answer 8

self-image

Question 9

It is the perception of what a person would like to be or thinks they would be.

Answer 9

Ideal self

Question 10

It is the self that one thinks they should be and that one feels others believe they should be. It is dynamic and forever changing.

Answer 10

Ideal self

Question 11

According to Rogers, when your real and ideal selves are similar, you experience __________.

Answer 11

congruence

Question 12

It leads to greater self-worth and a healthy, productive life.

Answer 12

High congruence

Question 13

It is the great inconsistency between your ideal and real selves leading to maladjustment.

Answer 13

Incongruence

Question 14

The inability to react successfully and satisfactorily to the demands of one’s environment.

Answer 14

Maladjustment

Question 15

It is the totality of a complex, organized, and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes, and opinions each person holds to be true about their existence.

Answer 15

Self-concept

Question 16

It is also defined as the organized structure of an individual’s cognitions or thoughts about themselves.

Answer 16

Self-concept

Question 17

The 3 components of Self-concept:

Answer 17

1. Self-worth/Self-esteem
2. Self-image
3. Ideal self

Question 18

It is what one thinks about oneself, which develops in the early childhood stage resulting from the child’s interaction with the parents.

Answer 18

Self-worth/Self-esteem

Question 19

It is how one sees the self, including body image’s influence on inner personality.

Answer 19

Self-image

Question 20

It is the person that one wants to be.

Answer 20

Ideal self

Question 21

The perceptions and beliefs that comprise our self-concept.

Answer 21

Self-schemas

Question 22

They are formed by numerous factors that we may or may not be aware of, some of which include past experiences, personality traits, abilities, physical features, values, goals, social roles, own observations, and feedback from others.

Answer 22

Self-schemas

Question 23

He introduced the concept of the true self and false self.

Answer 23

Donald Woods Winnicott

Question 24

The healthy core of a healthy person’s true self is _____from the outside world, uninfluenced by external (harsh) realities.

Answer 24

hidden

Question 25

It is put up to defend the core from these realities and prevent it from any changes.

Answer 25

False self

Question 26

It is a mask or a persona, a form of defense that continually seeks to anticipate others’ demands and comply with them to protect the true self from a world that is felt unsafe.

Answer 26

False self

Question 27

It is developed as the infant is repeatedly subjected to maternal care that intrudes upon, rejects, or abandons their experience. It also develops when the child is constantly expected to follow the rules.

Answer 27

False self

Question 28

This is when the person has a false self but can still function as an individual and in society.

Answer 28

Healthy false self

Question 29

The healthy false self feels that it is still ________ with the true self.

Answer 29

connected

Question 30

This individual may seem happy and comfortable in their environment but feels forced to fit in and constantly needs to adjust their behavior to adapt to the social situation.

Answer 30

Unhealthy false self

Question 31

It flourishes in infancy if the mother responds positively to the child’s spontaneous expressions

Answer 31

True self

Question 32

Winnicott described the true self as a sense of self based on “____________ .”

Answer 32

spontaneous, authentic experience

Question 33

It is part of the infant that feels creative, spontaneous, and real. It has a sense of integrity, of connected wholeness.

Answer 33

True self

Question 34

It is a sense of being alive and real in one’s mind and body, having spontaneous and unforced feelings.

Answer 34

True self

Question 35

Winnicott believed that people ________ repeat early relationships (particularly the mother-infant relationship) in one form or another.

Answer 35

unconsciously

Question 36

He advanced the Agentic Theory of the Self.

Answer 36

Albert Bandura

Question 37

One that is capable of intentionally influencing one’s own functionality and life circumstances.

Answer 37

Agent

Question 38

An agent recognizes their ability to make _________.

Answer 38

life decisions

Question 39

It rejects the notion that selfhood is culturally influenced or controlled by urges; rather, it looks upon every human being as capable of thinking, deciding, foreseeing, and managing their actions, free to decide for themselves.

Answer 39

The Agentic Theory of the Self

Question 40

The capability to exert influence throughout one’s actions.

Answer 40

Human agency

Question 41

The 4 Core Properties of Human Agency:

Answer 41

1. Intentionality
2. Forethought
3. Self-reactiveness
4. Self-reflection

Question 42

It is manifested in how an individual forms intentions with action plans and strategies to realize them.

Answer 42

Intentionality

Question 43

It refers to how individuals position their goals in the future and visualize themselves in a future state of existence, ensuring that plans can anticipate possible opportunities or roadblocks.

Answer 43

Forethought

Question 44

This shows that agents are planners, forethinkers, and self-regulators. This includes adopting personal standards, constructing appropriate courses of action, monitoring activities, and regulating them using self-reactions.

Answer 44

Self-reactiveness

Question 45

It signifies that people can self-examine their functioning. They reflect on their life pursuits, the meaning of the actions they take to accomplish these pursuits, their thoughts, and personal efficacy.

Answer 45

Self-reflection