psychological models of health and well being Flashcards
what are the models of health
biomedical
WHO
sociological
biopsychosocial
what is a disease
A pathological condition recognised by indications agreed among biomedical practitioners. Indicated by signs and symptoms.
what is an illness
The subjective state which is experienced by an individual – a feeling of ill-being and its impacts.
what is sickness
• The social state that results as a consequence of feeling ill or being diseased. Sickness is reflected in a changed lifestyle (sick role).
what is health behaviour
Any activity undertaken by a healthy person for the purpose of preventing disease or detecting it in an asymptomatic stage.
what is illness behaviour
Any activity undertaken by a person who feels ill to define the state of his health or to discover a suitable remedy.
what is the sick role
• To be ‘sick’ is a social as well as biological state
• Involves temporary release from ordinary obligations and duties
• Addition to ordinary privileges
• Obligation to co-operate and seek help in
treatment
• Must be sanctioned by the medical profession – diagnosis and treatment
what is parsons sick role
being sick’ is not simply a ‘state of fact’ or ‘condition’, it is a specifically patterned social role. In Western Societies the sick role implies major expectations.
what are the rights of the sick person
- Sick person temporarily exempt from ‘normal’ social roles.
- The more severe the sickness, the greater the exemption.
- Sick person generally not held responsible for their condition (absence of blame). Illness considered beyond individuals’ control therefore not simply curable by will power.
- Sick person has a right to be taken care of.
what are the duties of a person who is experiencing the sick role
Sick person expected to see being sick as undesirable, thus they have an obligation to try to ‘get well’.
• In this context exemption from normal responsibilities is temporary and conditional upon wanting and trying to get better.
• The sick person has an obligation to seek technically competent help from a suitably qualified professional and to co-operate in the process of trying to get better.
what are the criticism of the sick role
Resistance/rejection of the ‘sick role’
• Roles of doctor/patient
• Disease ‘stigma’ and victim blaming • Acute vs chronic health conditions
why do we study health behaviours
Associated with mortality and morbidity • Associated with dental health • Potentially modifiable • Help identify at risk groups • Help ‘target’ preventive programmes
what is the theory of reasoned action
external variables—-> beliefs, outcome evaluation normative beliefs and motivation to comply—> attitude relative importance
subjective norm—-> intention—-> behaviour
what is the transtheoretical model of behaviour change
precontemplation contemplation prepartion action maintenance
what is precontemplation
not ready to change
what is contemplation
thinking about change
what can happen in every stage of the transtheoretical model of behaviour
relapse which involves barriers to change
