psychological models of health and well being Flashcards
what are the models of health
biomedical
WHO
sociological
biopsychosocial
what is a disease
A pathological condition recognised by indications agreed among biomedical practitioners. Indicated by signs and symptoms.
what is an illness
The subjective state which is experienced by an individual – a feeling of ill-being and its impacts.
what is sickness
• The social state that results as a consequence of feeling ill or being diseased. Sickness is reflected in a changed lifestyle (sick role).
what is health behaviour
Any activity undertaken by a healthy person for the purpose of preventing disease or detecting it in an asymptomatic stage.
what is illness behaviour
Any activity undertaken by a person who feels ill to define the state of his health or to discover a suitable remedy.
what is the sick role
• To be ‘sick’ is a social as well as biological state
• Involves temporary release from ordinary obligations and duties
• Addition to ordinary privileges
• Obligation to co-operate and seek help in
treatment
• Must be sanctioned by the medical profession – diagnosis and treatment
what is parsons sick role
being sick’ is not simply a ‘state of fact’ or ‘condition’, it is a specifically patterned social role. In Western Societies the sick role implies major expectations.
what are the rights of the sick person
- Sick person temporarily exempt from ‘normal’ social roles.
- The more severe the sickness, the greater the exemption.
- Sick person generally not held responsible for their condition (absence of blame). Illness considered beyond individuals’ control therefore not simply curable by will power.
- Sick person has a right to be taken care of.
what are the duties of a person who is experiencing the sick role
Sick person expected to see being sick as undesirable, thus they have an obligation to try to ‘get well’.
• In this context exemption from normal responsibilities is temporary and conditional upon wanting and trying to get better.
• The sick person has an obligation to seek technically competent help from a suitably qualified professional and to co-operate in the process of trying to get better.
what are the criticism of the sick role
Resistance/rejection of the ‘sick role’
• Roles of doctor/patient
• Disease ‘stigma’ and victim blaming • Acute vs chronic health conditions
why do we study health behaviours
Associated with mortality and morbidity • Associated with dental health • Potentially modifiable • Help identify at risk groups • Help ‘target’ preventive programmes
what is the theory of reasoned action
external variables—-> beliefs, outcome evaluation normative beliefs and motivation to comply—> attitude relative importance
subjective norm—-> intention—-> behaviour
what is the transtheoretical model of behaviour change
precontemplation contemplation prepartion action maintenance
what is precontemplation
not ready to change
