psychological aspects of pain and pain management Flashcards
what is pain
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage
how do we manage peoples pain
as its difficult to quantify or stand someone else pain- how do we convey a feeling to someone
what are the types of pain
acute
chronic
describe acute pain
adaptive and meaningful
describe chronic
when enough time for normal (6MNTHS-1 YR)healing has gone but the pain has not subsided
what are the characteristics of acute pain
a warning system represents tissue damage short duration care and relief likely suffering recognised
what are the characteristics of chronic pain
may not be associated with tissue damage long duration no end in sight care and relief not likely psychosomatic suffering may be dismissed
what is the biomedical framework of pain theory
pain is an automatic response to an external factor
tissue damage causes the sensation of pain
psychological factors how no causal influence
what is pain categorised in to in pain theory
organic pain
psychogenic pain
what is organic pain
regarded as real pain when some clear injury is seen
psychogenic pain
all in the mind when no organic basis is found
what do amputees usually suffer with
65% to 85% of amputees
what is the gate control theory
There is a neural “gate” in the spinal cord that regulates the experience of pain
Pain is not the result of a straight-through sensory channel
There are both physiological and psychological causes
Pain is a perception and experience rather than a sensation
The individual no longer just responds passively to painful stimuli but actively interprets and appraises the stimuli
based on what is information sent to the gates
behavioural state
emotional state
previous experience off dealing with the pain
how do we assess pain
mcgill pain questionnaire
how does the mcgill pain questionnaire work
uses multiple records to attempt to quantify the pain experience
discriminates between
sensory affective evaluative
what is sensory pain
what the pain physically feels like
what is affective pain
what the pain feels like emotionally
what is evaluative pain
what is the subjective overall intensity of the pain
why do we have a pain scale
hard to put into words
pain is multifaceted
happy to sad face helps instant how the patient feels
numeric scales have quantify our pain
how do we manage pain
placebo patient controlled analgesia- PCA hypnosis acupuncture cognitive behavioural therapy
how do we use patient controlled analgesia
usually delivers by infusion pump
better patient satisfaction- as they are in control
who was the father of modern hypotism
james braid
what are the indications for hypnotic pain control
LA allergy patients with history of failed LA needle phobia in emergency to treat phobia chronic pain
what is cognitive behavioural therapy
thoughts beliefs and distorted thinking
stress management
imagery and relaxation
what physiological factors might patients face in clinic
vigilance to pain
avoidance
anger
how do we combat the patients anxiety
involve the patient
make sense of the pain
