psychological aspects of pain and pain management Flashcards

1
Q

what is pain

A

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

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2
Q

how do we manage peoples pain

A

as its difficult to quantify or stand someone else pain- how do we convey a feeling to someone

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3
Q

what are the types of pain

A

acute

chronic

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4
Q

describe acute pain

A

adaptive and meaningful

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5
Q

describe chronic

A

when enough time for normal (6MNTHS-1 YR)healing has gone but the pain has not subsided

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6
Q

what are the characteristics of acute pain

A
a warning system 
represents tissue damage 
short duration
care and relief likely 
suffering recognised
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7
Q

what are the characteristics of chronic pain

A
may not be associated with tissue damage
long duration 
no end in sight
care and relief not likely 
psychosomatic 
suffering may be dismissed
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8
Q

what is the biomedical framework of pain theory

A

pain is an automatic response to an external factor
tissue damage causes the sensation of pain
psychological factors how no causal influence

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9
Q

what is pain categorised in to in pain theory

A

organic pain

psychogenic pain

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10
Q

what is organic pain

A

regarded as real pain when some clear injury is seen

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11
Q

psychogenic pain

A

all in the mind when no organic basis is found

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12
Q

what do amputees usually suffer with

A

65% to 85% of amputees

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13
Q

what is the gate control theory

A

There is a neural “gate” in the spinal cord that regulates the experience of pain
Pain is not the result of a straight-through sensory channel
There are both physiological and psychological causes
Pain is a perception and experience rather than a sensation
The individual no longer just responds passively to painful stimuli but actively interprets and appraises the stimuli

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14
Q

based on what is information sent to the gates

A

behavioural state
emotional state
previous experience off dealing with the pain

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15
Q

how do we assess pain

A

mcgill pain questionnaire

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16
Q

how does the mcgill pain questionnaire work

A

uses multiple records to attempt to quantify the pain experience
discriminates between
sensory affective evaluative

17
Q

what is sensory pain

A

what the pain physically feels like

18
Q

what is affective pain

A

what the pain feels like emotionally

19
Q

what is evaluative pain

A

what is the subjective overall intensity of the pain

20
Q

why do we have a pain scale

A

hard to put into words
pain is multifaceted
happy to sad face helps instant how the patient feels
numeric scales have quantify our pain

21
Q

how do we manage pain

A
placebo 
patient controlled analgesia- PCA 
hypnosis 
acupuncture 
cognitive behavioural therapy
22
Q

how do we use patient controlled analgesia

A

usually delivers by infusion pump

better patient satisfaction- as they are in control

23
Q

who was the father of modern hypotism

A

james braid

24
Q

what are the indications for hypnotic pain control

A
LA allergy 
patients with history of failed LA 
needle phobia
in emergency 
to treat phobia
chronic pain
25
Q

what is cognitive behavioural therapy

A

thoughts beliefs and distorted thinking
stress management
imagery and relaxation

26
Q

what physiological factors might patients face in clinic

A

vigilance to pain
avoidance
anger

27
Q

how do we combat the patients anxiety

A

involve the patient

make sense of the pain