psychological aspects of pain and pain management

Question 1

what is pain

Answer 1

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

Question 2

how do we manage peoples pain

Answer 2

as its difficult to quantify or stand someone else pain- how do we convey a feeling to someone

Question 3

what are the types of pain

Answer 3

acute

chronic

Question 4

describe acute pain

Answer 4

adaptive and meaningful

Question 5

describe chronic

Answer 5

when enough time for normal (6MNTHS-1 YR)healing has gone but the pain has not subsided

Question 6

what are the characteristics of acute pain

Answer 6

a warning system 
represents tissue damage 
short duration
care and relief likely 
suffering recognised

Question 7

what are the characteristics of chronic pain

Answer 7

may not be associated with tissue damage
long duration 
no end in sight
care and relief not likely 
psychosomatic 
suffering may be dismissed

Question 8

what is the biomedical framework of pain theory

Answer 8

pain is an automatic response to an external factor
tissue damage causes the sensation of pain
psychological factors how no causal influence

Question 9

what is pain categorised in to in pain theory

Answer 9

organic pain

psychogenic pain

Question 10

what is organic pain

Answer 10

regarded as real pain when some clear injury is seen

Question 11

psychogenic pain

Answer 11

all in the mind when no organic basis is found

Question 12

what do amputees usually suffer with

Answer 12

65% to 85% of amputees

Question 13

what is the gate control theory

Answer 13

There is a neural “gate” in the spinal cord that regulates the experience of pain
Pain is not the result of a straight-through sensory channel
There are both physiological and psychological causes
Pain is a perception and experience rather than a sensation
The individual no longer just responds passively to painful stimuli but actively interprets and appraises the stimuli

Question 14

based on what is information sent to the gates

Answer 14

behavioural state
emotional state
previous experience off dealing with the pain

Question 15

how do we assess pain

Answer 15

mcgill pain questionnaire

Question 16

how does the mcgill pain questionnaire work

Answer 16

uses multiple records to attempt to quantify the pain experience
discriminates between
sensory affective evaluative

Question 17

what is sensory pain

Answer 17

what the pain physically feels like

Question 18

what is affective pain

Answer 18

what the pain feels like emotionally

Question 19

what is evaluative pain

Answer 19

what is the subjective overall intensity of the pain

Question 20

why do we have a pain scale

Answer 20

hard to put into words
pain is multifaceted
happy to sad face helps instant how the patient feels
numeric scales have quantify our pain

Question 21

how do we manage pain

Answer 21

placebo 
patient controlled analgesia- PCA 
hypnosis 
acupuncture 
cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 22

how do we use patient controlled analgesia

Answer 22

usually delivers by infusion pump

better patient satisfaction- as they are in control

Question 23

who was the father of modern hypotism

Answer 23

james braid

Question 24

what are the indications for hypnotic pain control

Answer 24

LA allergy 
patients with history of failed LA 
needle phobia
in emergency 
to treat phobia
chronic pain

Question 25

what is cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 25

thoughts beliefs and distorted thinking
stress management
imagery and relaxation

Question 26

what physiological factors might patients face in clinic

Answer 26

vigilance to pain
avoidance
anger

Question 27

how do we combat the patients anxiety

Answer 27

involve the patient

make sense of the pain